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Weather vs Climate

Weather vs Climate. Duration of events is key Which leaves a record?. Heat transfer occurs by: Conduction – atomic or molecular transfer Convection – mass movement Radiation – wave-like energy emitted. Annual energy flow. Variations in air pressure With increased altitude.

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Weather vs Climate

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  1. Weather vs Climate Duration of events is key Which leaves a record?

  2. Heat transfer occurs by: • Conduction – atomic or molecular transfer • Convection – mass movement • Radiation – wave-like energy emitted

  3. Annual energy flow

  4. Variations in air pressure With increased altitude

  5. Relative contribution of greenhouse gases to global warming

  6. Role of variable gases and how they change • Carbon dioxide • Anthropogenic sources • Natural sources • Water vapor • Air temp controls amounts in atmosphere • Ozone • Shield to UV rays • Attacked by CFCs and freon • Methane • Decay of organic material; coal mines; animals • Halocarbons • Cl, F and Br compounds; anthropogenic • Aerosols [microscopic liquids and solids] • Desert dust, wildfires, volcanic gases

  7. Significant temperature changes in last 130 years

  8. Oceanic conveyor belt

  9. Polar jet Concave north Concave south

  10. Note differences

  11. Stages of development are distinct

  12. Generation of electrical charges is key

  13. Thunderstorm facts • About 16 million occur worldwide each year • Florida has about 100 thunderstorm days per year; Uganda has about 240 • 1,800 occur at any given moment • All produce lightning; severe storms produce hail which can travel up to 100 mph

  14. All regions experience some activity

  15. Storms that produced hail having an avg diameter > ¾ in

  16. Lightning deaths during period 1959-2001

  17. <20% of supercells generate tornadoes Organizational stage

  18. Mature stage, up to 1 mile wide at base; form on trailing edge of supercell

  19. Monthly average of tornadoes in U.S., 1950-1999

  20. Super outbreak of Apr 1974

  21. Tornado deaths, by state 1950 - 1994

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