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MODULE 2 WEATHER vs. CLIMATE

ScienceBeat. CLIMATE CHANGE. MODULE 2 WEATHER vs. CLIMATE. You Will Learn:. 2. The three most human-produced Greenhouse gases. 3. How greenhouse gases heat Earth. 4. Natural versus human driven factors. 1. Difference between climate and weather. What ’ s the difference?.

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MODULE 2 WEATHER vs. CLIMATE

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  1. ScienceBeat CLIMATE CHANGE MODULE 2WEATHER vs. CLIMATE

  2. You Will Learn: 2. The three most human-produced Greenhouse gases 3. How greenhouse gases heat Earth 4. Natural versus human driven factors 1. Difference between climate and weather

  3. What’s the difference? CLIMATEVERSUSWEATHER

  4. Look out the window. That is today’s WEATHER. CLIMATE is the average weather. The statistics of changes in weather is the basis of climate change. A common confusion is thinking that a cold winter is evidence against global warming. There are always extremes of weather. But when temperature data are averaged over the entire Earth, for many years, the fact that the Earth is warming is readily apparent.

  5. How is Earth’s temperature average Changing? Since when? How much? ”

  6. Modern (thermometer) records extend back to about 1860

  7. Grey line is the monthly anomaly Black is the annual anomaly in Global mean surface temperature.

  8. COMPARE VISUALLY The following two maps show the change in the temperature Anomaly for two periods of time.

  9. Temperature Anomaly (°C) −2.5 0 2.5 YEAR 1885 to 1894

  10. Temperature Anomaly (°C) −2.5 0 2.5 Year 2005 to 2014

  11. YoutubeaNimation The time lapse video shows change over six decades.

  12. With web access clear the image or here.

  13. Focusing on how the climate is changing, you can view this optional (6 minute) video.

  14. Atmospheric warming starts with the differences (in wavelength) of sunlight versus heat heat emitted by Earth (called infrared or IR). Which is a longer wavelength?

  15. The two “emitter” animations that follow represent 2 types of radiation into greenhouse gases. Infrared radiation or IR (emitting as red in the first animation) is followed by a second animation of visible photons (in yellow) emitted into greenhouse gases

  16. Every time you see a greenhouse gas molecule shake, it has “captured” the photon. Which one makes makes more “shakes?”

  17. CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 H2O H2O H2O H2O CH4 H2O H2O H2O CO2 CH4 CH4 CO2

  18. CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 H2O H2O H2O H2O CH4 H2O H2O H2O CO2 CH4 CH4 CO2

  19. Compare again. Which one makes makes more “shakes?”

  20. CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 H2O H2O H2O H2O CH4 H2O H2O H2O CO2 CH4 CH4 CO2

  21. CO2 CO2 CO2 CO2 H2O H2O H2O H2O CH4 H2O H2O H2O CO2 CH4 CH4 CO2

  22. is the most important greenhouse gas released by humans In the U.S. alone, 70% of the CO2 is released from transportation and electricity

  23. The second most important greenhouse gas is methane (CH4). Its three major sources are cattle,

  24. Landfills SOURCE: http://www.tumbleweed.com.au/WhyRecycle.aspx

  25. …and an activity called “fracking.” SOURCE: http://www.tumbleweed.com.au/WhyRecycle.aspx

  26. What’s the relationships of CO2 levels (top chart ) CH4 (middle chart) and the population (bottom) over the past two millennium?

  27. Now look at the trend in global temperature.

  28. In fact, for the past 400,000 YEARS, Temperature and CO2 have co-varied.

  29. Compare this ice coverage of the glacial maximum to….

  30. …current ice coverage

  31. What happens when you take humans out of the equation?

  32. Model prediction (red) with human greenhouse gases human activity

  33. Model prediction (red) with human greenhouse gases NO human activity

  34. Yes, there are NATURAL factors…

  35. To affect climate, volcanoes have to eject material up into the stratosphere. • (The last volcanic powerful enough to do that was Mount Pinatubo, Philippines in June 1991.) http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/climate/geosphere_volcanoes_influence_on_climate.html

  36. The sunspot number, each a solar storm, has undergone change. More recently, a maximum every 11 years http://blogs.sas.com/content/sastraining/2014/07/22/i-see-spots-sunspots

  37. El Niño • Every 5 to 10 years, • a pool of warm water migrates from the Western Pacific • to the East.

  38. Quiz Q 1 of 3 • Next week produces a heat wave in Prince George’s County. Most scientists would say: Global warming is the cause Human activity is the cause Local temperatures over one week tell us more about weather than climate D. Our climate is getting warmer

  39. Quiz Q 2 of 3 • What activities are most responsible for the recent rise in greenhouse gases? Spray bottles and carbonated beverages Transportation, electricity,, heating, AC Volcanoes D. Farmland converted into forests

  40. Quiz Q 3 of 3 • Natural factors that affect Earth’s climate include: Volcanoes, sun’s energy output, El Nino Lightning, forest fires, and wind Earthquakes and the drilling for natural resources D. Day to day changes in weather

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