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Media and Soils

Media and Soils. Chapter 6. Learning Targets. I can identify various types of growing media? I can explain the PH Scale? I can identify 3 sections of the Soil Triangle?. Growing Medium. Material in which the roots plants grow. Roles of Media. Provides nutrients and a anchor for plant.

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Media and Soils

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  1. Media and Soils Chapter 6

  2. Learning Targets • I can identify various types of growing media? • I can explain the PH Scale? • I can identify 3 sections of the Soil Triangle?

  3. Growing Medium • Material in which the roots plants grow.

  4. Roles of Media • Provides nutrients and a anchor for plant.

  5. Nutrients • Substance that roots absorb from the medium and water.

  6. Anchor • Roots hold plant in place.

  7. Pore Space • Air holes between the growing medium particles which allows oxygen to reach the roots of plants.

  8. Soil Amendment • Anything added to the soil to improve plant growth. • Vermiculite • Perlite

  9. Soil • Top few inches of earths surface that provide soil growth.

  10. Soilless Medium • Contains no soil. • Made from: • Vermiculite • Perlite • Peat Moss • Bark • Can be pre-mixed

  11. Hydroponics • Nutrients are provided by nutrient solution.

  12. Nutrient Solution • Contains water with dissolved nutrients.

  13. Hydroponic Advantages • Nutrients Control • Yield is greater • Roots do not spread • Reduced Weed, Insect, Disease

  14. Mineral Materials • Come from inorganic sources. • 3 kinds of Mineral Materials

  15. Sand #1 • Largest material in soil. • Good for soil drainage.

  16. Silt #2 • Smaller than sand. • Areas near rivers are high in silt.

  17. Clay #3 • Smallest size particle in soil. • Holds water well. • Fills gaps between Sand and Silt

  18. Organic Matter • Decayed remains from plants and animals.

  19. Soil Texture • % of Sand, Silt, Clay present in the soil.

  20. Soil Triangle • Used to classify soil on the basis texture content. • Most crops prefer a Loamy soil.

  21. Loam Soil • High in Silt lower in Sand and Clay.

  22. Soil Structure • Physical arrangement of soil particles.

  23. Soil Aeration • Movement of air in the soil. • Clay soil least air movement.

  24. Soil Compaction • Soil compressed into a dense mass.

  25. Wear • Physical deterioration of a plant community.

  26. Soil Profile • Vertical section of soil at a location.

  27. Soil Horizon (A) • Topsoil: 10” Made of: • Humus • Roots • Organisms

  28. Soil Horizon (B) • Subsoil: 30” • Made of: • Fine Particles • Leached materials • Some Roots

  29. Soil Horizon (C) • Parent Material: 48” • Made of: • Bedrock • Leached materials

  30. Soil Horizon (R) • Bedrock: • Made of: • Solid Rock

  31. Plant Nutrients • 17 elements are needed for plants to grow.

  32. Macronutrients • Most important nutrients needed in large amount.

  33. Macronutrients • (N) – Nitrogen • (P) – Phosphorus • (K) – Potassium • (Ca) – Calcium • (Mg) – Magnesium • (S) – Sulfur

  34. Primary Nutrients • N-P-K • Needed in largest amounts.

  35. Secondary Nutrients • Ca-Mg-S • Needed in moderate amounts

  36. Micronutrients • Needed in smaller amounts. • AKA-Trace Elements

  37. Micronutrients • (Fe) – Iron • (Mn) – Maganese • (Zn) – Zinc • (Cu) – Copper • (B) – Boron • (Mo) – Molybdenum • (Cl) – Chlorine • (Ni) - Nickel

  38. Soil Testing • Determines what nutrients are present in the soil.

  39. Nitrogen • Key element • Helps plant recover from damage.

  40. Nitrogen Deficient Example • Older leaves turn yellow. (Chlorosis) • Death can happen

  41. Phosphorus • Helps plant hold and transfer energy for metabolism.

  42. Phosphorus Deficient • Reduced growth • Dark to reddish leaf colorations.

  43. Potassium • Important for plant life process.

  44. Potassium Deficient • Reduced growth • Increase disease • Stress of plant

  45. Soil PH • Ph is used to measure the amount of Alkalinity or acidity in soil.

  46. PH Scale • 14 Point Scale

  47. PH Scale • 7.0 = Neutral

  48. PH Scale • Below 7.0 = Acidic • Above 7.0 = Alkaline

  49. Modifying PH • Adding Lime will raise PH. • Adding Sulfur will lower PH.

  50. Modifying PH • Most plants prefer PH of 5.5-8.0

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