Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) Training

1. CFIA-ACIA Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) Training International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) CFIA-ACIA

2. International Steering Committee

3. Aims • Provide participants with an understanding of the purpose of PRA • Develop skills to conduct PRA • Provide hands-on experience in PRA • Provide international examples • Develop self-confidence in PRA

4. Course Materials • Participant’s Manual • Group Exercise Manual • Slides and Presentations Manual • International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures No. 1-24

5. What to Expect • Lectures and Discussions • Practical Exercises • Interactive • Provide your input

6. The International Plant Protection Convention(IPPC) Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) Training

7. Outline • The Convention (IPPC) • Scope • Key Principles • Standard setting

8. Outline • The Convention (IPPC) • Scope • Key Principles • PRA Standards

9. What is the IPPC? • Multilateral treaty for international cooperation in plant protection • Nearly 160 countries • From Albania to Zambia • A standard setting organization

10. Aim of the IPPC • Prevent introduction & spread of pests • Promote fair & safe trade • Protect plant life

11. Scope of the IPPC • IPPC covers wide range of plants & protects them from a wide range of pests • plants: cultivated plants and wild flora • plant pests: invertebrates, diseases and weeds • harm: includes direct & indirect effects

12. Scope of the IPPC • Extends to items capable of harbouring or spreading pests, such as: • storage places • conveyances • Includes intentional introductions of organisms, such as: • biological control organisms • research, industrial or other organisms

13. Key principles • Countries have the right to use phytosanitary measures • Measures should be: • only applied when necessary • technically justified • no more restrictive than necessary to address risk • non-discriminatory • transparent

14. Obligations • National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO) • Regulate imports • Publish phytosanitary requirements • Conduct surveillance, treatments and certify exports • Share information on pests and regulations • Notify trading partners of non-compliance

15. International Plant Protection Convention Plant protection & safe trade Transparent All types of plants IPPC Justified All types of pests Consistent with level of risk Other pathways

16. World Trade Organization (WTO) • Responsible for establishing rules of trade between nations • IPPC is the recognized international standard setting body for plant health under the WTO-SPS

17. WTO - SPS Agreement Phytosanitary measures should be: • consistent with international standards • justified by scientific principles and evidence • harmonized to the extent possible • transparent / notified / non-discriminatory • only as restrictive as necessary to meet the appropriate level of protection

18. SPS International regulatory framework IPPC The IPPC makes provision for trade in a plant protectionagreement... …the SPS makes complementary provisions for plant protection in a tradeagreement

19. Other international agreements • Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) • Protecting biodiversity • Invasive alien species • Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety • Genetically modified organisms

20. SPS International regulatory framework IPPC CBD Protecting biological diversity Plant protection Cartagena Protocol LMOs Trade Trade

21. Protecting wild flora No more trade restrictive than necessary LMOs identified as pests SPS CP Trade while protecting biodiversity International regulatory framework Plant protection IPPC CBD LMOs Biological diversity Trade

22. Focus on IPPC Standards Setting Commission on Phytosanitary Measures IPPC Information Sharing Technical Assistance Secretariat Expert Working Groups Technical Panels

23. Commission on Phytosanitary Measures (CPM) • Governing body for the IPPC, works by consensus • Reviews global plant protection needs and sets the annual work programme • Develops and adopts International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) • Promotes technical assistance and information exchange

24. International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures (ISPMs) ISPMs: • provide guidance to member countries in implementing national programs and fulfilling requirements of the IPPC • may be very general (e.g., Glossary, Principles etc.), or highly specific (e.g., Pest status, Solid wood packaging etc.)

25. Diversity of ISPMs Country Consultation in 2006 Specific Issues General Guidelines No. 6 – surveillance No. 17 – pest reporting No. 23 - inspection Debarked & bark-free wood Low pest prevalence for fruit flies Treatments for regulated pests No. 1 – principles No. 5 – glossary of terms No. 19 – pest lists

26. PRA • Key to adhering to IPPC principles is application of pest risk analysis as a decision-making process • Impacts on all aspects of phytosanitary programs: import, domestic programs, exports • Guidance provided in ISPMs

27. PRA-specific ISPMs • ISPM No. 2 • Framework for pest risk analysis, revision for approval by CPM in March 2007 • ISPM No. 3 • Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms, 2005 • ISPM No. 11 • Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms, 2004 • ISPM No. 21 • Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests

28. PRA-specific ISPMs • ISPM No. 2 • Framework for pest risk analysis (2007) • ISPM No. 3 • Guidelines for the export, shipment, import and release of biological control agents and other beneficial organisms, 2005 • ISPM No. 11 • Pest risk analysis for quarantine pests including analysis of environmental risks and living modified organisms, (2004) • ISPM No. 21 • Pest risk analysis for regulated non-quarantine pests

29. IPPC • IPPC is global • Aim is to protect plants, prevent spread of pests, promote trade • Measures applied only when necessary, technically justified, no more restrictive than necessary, non-discriminatory, transparent • PRA supports principles of IPPC • ISPMs provide guidance