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Pest Risk Analysis

Pest Risk Analysis. International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC). SPS Definition. Risk assessment -- the evaluation of the likelihood of the entry, establishment, or spread of a pest or disease … and the associated potential biological and economic consequences ... (SPS Annex A).

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Pest Risk Analysis

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  1. Pest Risk Analysis International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC)

  2. SPS Definition • Risk assessment -- the evaluation of the likelihood of the entry, establishment, or spread of a pest or disease … and the associated potential biological and economic consequences ... (SPS Annex A)

  3. IPPC Definition • The process of evaluating biological or other scientific and economic evidence to determine whether a pest should be regulated and the strength of any phytosanitary measures to be taken against it -- (1997 IPPC)

  4. PRA Obligations • SPS Article 5.1 -- Members shall ensure that … phytosanitary measures are based on an assessment … of the risks … • IPPC Article II -- technically justified (phytosanitary measures) justified on the basis of conclusions reached by using an appropriate pest risk analysis ...

  5. Standards and PRA • Phytosanitary measures must be based on international standards or justified on the basis of PRA (SPS Articles 3 & 5) • Deviations from standards must be justified by PRA (SPS Article 5) • Provisional (emergency) measures must be reviewed using PRA (SPS Article 5)

  6. PRA and Trade • Few specific phytosanitary standards have been done, therefore most phytosanitary measures must be justified by PRA • PRA is used to: • justify protection measures affecting trade • evaluate or challenge other’s measures • encourage technical dialogue/info sharing • prioritize risk management and research

  7. The Role of Scientists • Recognize that regulatory policy is dependent on scientific inputs • Actively participate, support, and influence regulatory decision-making with trade-sensitive scientific inputs • Ensure that plant pests are only a barrier to trade when and where appropriate

  8. Evolution of PRA in the IPPC • ISPM 2: Guidelines for PRA • Supplementary standards • Pest categorization • Probability of introduction • Economic impact • Risk management

  9. … And More Evolution Concept standard: Guidelines for PRA (to be revised) Supplementary Standards Pest Risk Analysis for Regulated Non-Quarantine Pests Pest Risk Analysis for Quarantine Pests

  10. Stages of PRA • Initiation • Risk Assessment • probability • consequences • Risk Management • Transparency • uncertainty

  11. Initiation Stage • Pest-initiated • detection (interception or incursion) • research or biological control • Pathway • commodity evaluation • other regulated article • policy review or change

  12. Risk Assessment Stage • Presence/absence/distribution • Official control • Introduction potential • Establishment potential • Spread potential

  13. Probability With pathway Escapes detection Survives transit Favorable location Overcomes resistance Able to reproduce and spread Consequences Direct economic Indirect economic Environmental Other: Political Social aesthetic Elements of Risk Assessment

  14. Risk Management Stage • Identify options • Evaluate options for: • efficacy • feasibility • impacts

  15. Transparency • Document information sources • Identify processes/methods • Provide rationale for conclusions/decisions • Describe uncertainty and identify data gaps or areas for additional research

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