BusCon Sept. 10,2012

1. BusConSept. 10,2012 John E. Dolce Transit Fleet Specialist WendelDuchscherer Architects & Engineering Buffalo N.Y

2. Modernize Your Shop for Safety, Green and Productivity John Dolce Fleet Specialist Wendel johnedolce@yahoo.com

3. University of Wisconsin @ Milwaukee • This Session is Part of a Transit Online Course Program @ The University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee • Transit & Bus Corporate Fleet Management • Transit & Bus Shop Fleet Management • Transit & Bus Fleet Green Garages • Transit & Bus Fleet Case Studies • Contact… Ken Woodall, Director, Continuing Education….414-227-3332 • woodall@uwm.edu

4. Circumstances Choices • Consequences Control

5. JOHN E. DOLCE EXPERIENCE • 10 Years Transit Bus Fleet & Facility Mgmt Experience • 10 Years Public Fleet, With Facility & Transit Bus Exp • 10 Years Utility Fleet & Facility Mgmt Experience • 10 Years Private Fleet & Facility Mgmt Experience

6. We Are A Prisoner of Our Own Experience! Architects and Engineers provide savvy & experience in Facility Design & Construction Management

7. Fleet Manager • The Transit & Bus Fleet Manager Is The Smartest Person To Design The Proposed Garage And Monitor The Construction Process ! • There Are Many Professional People To Support The Transit & Bus Fleet Manager In This Process. • The Transit & Bus Fleet Manager “MUST” Take The Lead & Direct This Process.

8. Safety • Reduce • Facility accidents • Vehicular accidents • Workplace accidents • Workers’ Compensation claims • Increase • Higher sense of safety awareness

9. Safety • Review accident logs and incidents • Identify trends for corrective action • Calculate Frequency Rate • Calculate Severity Rate

10. Energy Audit • Why conduct an audit? • Audit what you have now • Reduce your energy draw • Maximize mechanical efficiencies • Reduce Accidents & Incidents • Increase productivity • ROI

11. Benefits of an Energy Audit • Reduce carbon emissions by reducing electrical draw • Reduction in electrical draw reduces utility generation and ultimately reduces fossil fuel and gas usage • End User gets the $ credit

12. Reduce Your Energy Draw • Simple changes • Replace incandescent lighting with energy-saving compact fluorescents • Supplement electricity source with solar or wind technology • Planned facility and vehicle fuel reductions • Include & Incorporate Alternative Fuels Infrastructure.

13. Reduce Your Energy Draw • Simple changes • Rehab facilities with cost saving technologies • Build a new facility with cost saving technologies • Hybrid electric buses • Reduce carbon dioxide output • Reduce fuel usage • Alternative Fuel Friendly

14. Equipment Life Cycle Impacts Energy Requirements • All equipment has a life cycle • # years and/or # hours of operation • As equipment wears out, plan to replace it with more energy efficient equipment • Results are savings on utilities, fuels, and a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions

15. Estimated Life Cycles

16. Who Can Help? • Architects and engineers can help you by giving you alternatives for increasing your energy efficiencies • Experienced in wide variety of facilities • Up to date on best practices • Experience in local building codes • Experience in cost effective construction methods

17. Benefits of a Green Garage • Reduce carbon dioxide output/reduce carbon footprint – win/win for everyone • Clean air/environment • Avoid fines • Qualify for carbon dioxide tax credits • For the greater good – our families, children, the world

18. Impact of Fuel on the Environment

19. Regulatory Agency Support Fire Dept is “KING” EPA, DOT, Fire Department, DOE Municipal County State

20. Regulatory Agencies Permits & Fines Permission vs Forgiveness

21. Dedicated vs Dual fuel • Flexibility for Fueling, Storms, Price of Fuel • Short vs Long Distances • Fuel Infrastructure, Cost, Location • Driver Control • Bridges, Tunnels • Driver Training, Expectations, Cooperation • Manufacturer, Warranty • OEM Installation vs Aftermarket, Warranty

22. Alternative Fuels • CNG, Comp Nat Gas, Methane • LNG, Liq, Methane (More Methane BTU’s @-270 F) • Biodiesel, B-5, B-10, B-15, B-20, Cold, Glycerin • Propane • Fuel Cell, Hydrogen • Electric • Hybrid • Ethanol

23. CNG • Street Methane, Measure Lower Flammability Limit • Dedicated vs Dual Fuel • OEM vs Add On • 250-300 PSI In Street,3600 PSI Vehicle • 85% Air 15% CNG to 95% Air 5% Fuel • Safety, 5% of Lower Flammability =1% • Spark Plug in Engine

24. CNG Continued • Quantity vs Diesel, Gas, Four To One • Cost vs Diesel vs Gas • Hydrostatic Tank Testing, 5 Years • Reserve Of Fuel For Emergencies • Maintenance, Facility Monitoring, Sensors, 4 ft Int • In House Fueling • Heavier vs Lighter Than Air • Routing, Performance, Quiet, Reduced Smoke

25. LNG • Methane, -260 Degrees Fahrenheit • No Street Methane • OEM vs Aftermarket, Spark Plug • Delivery & Storage…More BTU’s per Than CNG • Fueling, Apron, Face Shield, Gloves • Dedicated vs Dual Fuel, Facility Monitoring, 1% • Safety, Heavier vs Lighter Than Air • Infrastructure, Routing, Performance, Quiet • Reduced Smoke Exhaust

26. Biodiesel • Soy Based • Waste Oils/Grease Based • Mixing, Delivery, Blending • Shelf Life, Bacteria • Water Retention • Safety, Facility Monitoring • Characteristics, Performance • Routing

27. Propane • Heavier Than Air • Safety • Monitor Lower Flammability Limit, 1%, Fire • Dual Fuel vs Dedicated • Delivery • Storage, Outside, Flammable • Emissions, Indoors, Material Handling Use • Quiet

28. Hydrogen , Fuel Cell • Hydrogen, Internal Combustion • Reliability, Life Cycle 800 hours+/- • Emissions • Applications • Safety, Explosive, 1% • Characteristics, Performance, Quiet • Routing

29. Electric • Battery, Life, Quality, Replacement Process • Plug In, 110 V, 220 V, 440 V, Outside, Hydrogen • Travel Range • Routing • Performance • Characteristic, Application • Charging, Overnight, Quick • Quiet

30. Hybrid • Gas, Diesel, Electric • Light Duty, Cars, Vans, Light Trucks • Heavy Duty, Transit • Parallel, Volts, Amps, Ohms • Series, Extended Range, Volts, Amps, Ohms • Hydraulic, Pneumatic • Regeneration, Plug In Outlets • Quieter, Reduced Smoke

31. Ethanol • Corrosive, Above + 10% • Corn Based Ethanol • Cellulosic Ethanol • Blends • Characteristics • Storage • Safety

32. Cost • After Market Conversion vs OEM • Infrastructure • Emissions Reduction • Return On Investment • Maintenance Savings • Extended Equipment & Fleet Service Life • Reliability & Sustainability

33. Emissions • CO2 • Gas Carbon Emissions • Solid Carbon Particulates • Nitrogen Oxide • SCR, Supplemental Catalytic Reduction • Urea, Ammonia, 33%-67% • Increased EGR, 2002,2007, 2010

34. Shop Upgrades • Fire Dept Is King • Lower Flammability Limit, CNG, Propane • Upper Flammability Limit, CNG, Propane • Sensors, Location(s), Upper Laser Beam, 50/50, Lower Flammability • Explosion Proof Motors, Equipment • Fire Drill Program, Differences

35. The EPA will define calculations for a benchmark for CO2 emissions Regulatory agencies will target annual CO2 emission reductionsClean Air Act

36. Proposed EPA Goal: Reduce C02EmissionsBase Year 2005

37. EPA Proposed Penalties • Proposed Fines are between $1-7 per metric ton of carbon dioxide • Organizations could be forced to purchase excess emission credits if you exceed target emission requirements

38. Benefits • Savings exceeded can be sold for income • Revenue generation will offset the cost of our compliance • Avoid fines And don’t forget the greater good!

39. Green Garage – Once in a Lifetime Event • A fleet business requires planning and sequencing to maximize efficiencies and productivity • With proper administrative and workspace allocation, a green garage offers: • Potential of reduced carbon footprint • Increased productivity

40. Stimulus MoniesAmerican Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 • Was Designed to help North America’s Economic Recovery: • Spur economic activity to aid recovery • Increase energy efficiency and renewable energy programs • Reduce dependency on offshore petroleum products

41. Stimulus Monies • Funding limitations – make do with existing facilities and outdated equipment • Result is continued energy loss and lower productivity • Identify your alternatives • Purchase of hybrid vehicles • Reduce emissions via upgraded facility • Build a new facility with new equipment

42. What Impacts Productivity? Space and People • Goal is to maximize administrative and work space to facilitate the work process and emissions reduction

43. Scheduled Maintenance:Planned Activity to Maximize Productivity of Vehicles, Manpower and Facilities • Preventive maintenance inspections • Preventive maintenance generated repairs • Driver daily write-ups • Planned component changes • Predictive maintenance Maintenance 30 % 70%

44. Unscheduled Maintenance is Unplanned • Road calls • Breakdowns • Premature component failures • Repeat repairs Repairs 70%  30%

45. How are Space Needs Calculated? • Too much space vs. too little space • 1 bay per tech scheduled • 1 ½ bay per tech unscheduled

46. 20,000 total hours of work per year • 2,000 hours of this work is performed outside the facility • 18,000 inside the facility

47. Staff 52 weeks x 40 hours = 2,080 annual hours

48. 1,300 net hours per tech avail

49. 20,000 hours ÷ 1,300 hours = 17 techniciansProductive Time 1300 Hours ?

50. Bus Average Age Impacts Staffing Average age 2.5 years