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Bell Ringer

Bell Ringer. List as many things as possible that you know about the Civil Rights Movement. Bell Ringer. Write your own definition of segregation. The Civil Rights Movement.

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Bell Ringer

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  1. Bell Ringer • List as many things as possible that you know about the Civil Rights Movement

  2. Bell Ringer • Write your own definition of segregation.

  3. The Civil Rights Movement

  4. “We hold these truths to be self evident. That all men are created equal. Endowed by their maker with certain inalienably rights among which are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…” -Declaration of Independence of the United States of America

  5. Setting The Stage

  6. What was it? • A struggle to ensure equality for all people in all aspects of life • Is this struggle over? • Has it taken on a new form?

  7. Jim Crow Laws • Laws that legalized segregation in the United States • Literacy Tests • Poll Taxes • Grandfather Clause • Education

  8. Segregation Dividing society along a specific line (i.e. gender, race, social status)

  9. Literacy Tests • Ciudadanosrequieretomar un examenparavotar. • Deriuqersneziticotekat a tsetotetov. • Required citizens to take a test to vote

  10. Poll Taxes • Required citizens to pay in order to vote

  11. Grandfather Clause • Excluded all citizens from these requirements whose grandfathers had had the right to vote • Applied to whites only • Perfect form of oppression

  12. Bell Ringer • What were the Jim Crow Laws?

  13. Bell Ringer • Identify one major leader from the Civil Rights Movement.

  14. Fighting Back: 19th Century

  15. Booker T. Washington • Born into slavery • Began the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama • -trade school for African-Americans • Promoted education for African-Americans as the way to progress

  16. W.E.B. Dubois • Disagreed with Washington’s approach, more in favor of pushing for civil rights • Formed the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) to push for legal ends to racial discrimination

  17. Important Amendments • 13th: Abolished slavery in the United States (Dec. 6, 1865) • 14th: Defined what a U.S. citizen is; states cannot deny any citizen of their rights (July 28, 1868) • 15th: States cannot deny the right to vote to any male U.S. citizen over 21 years old (Mar. 30, 1870)

  18. Fighting Back: 20th Century

  19. Non-Violent Protest • Many groups (not all) embraced this philosophy to achieve equality • Montgomery Bus Boycott • Sit-Ins • Freedom Riders • Voter Registration

  20. NAACP • National Association for the Advancement of Colored People • Oldest, largest group of its kind in the country • Active throughout the Civil Rights Movement • Peaceful protests • Lobbied politicians • Challenged racially motivated laws in court

  21. Martin Luther King Jr. • Pastor from Atlanta, Georgia • One of most vocal leaders of Civil Rights Movement • Assassinated April 4, 1968 in Memphis, TN by James Earl Ray

  22. Bell Ringer • Describe what you think would be a non-violent protest.

  23. Rosa Parks • Arrested Dec. 1, 1955 • Refused to yield her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus • Arrested and fined

  24. Montgomery Bus Boycott • Dec. 5, 1955 – Dec. 20, 1956 (382 days) • Started 4 days after Rosa Parks arrested • Protest of segregation of buses in Montgomery, Alabama

  25. Sit-Ins 1. Nonviolent protests where protestors sat at segregated lunch counters 2. Started Feb. 1, 1960 in Greensboro, NC

  26. What happened? • Four African-American college students enter a Woolworth’s • Went to the white’s only lunch counter ordered coffee • Sat patiently after being refused service. • Were threatened and intimidated but didn’t leave

  27. Freedom Riders • May 1961 – November 1961 • Civil Rights activists who traveled the South to expose inequality in interstate transportation • Also challenged the Boynton v. Virginia (1960) that upheld legal segregation of interstate transportation facilities

  28. What happened? • Traveled by bus and train through deep south • Deliberately violated Jim Crow laws • Tried to use whites only facilities • Met with bitter racism and mob violence • Were often attacked or arrested for violating the segregation laws • Violence was worst in South Carolina, Alabama, & Mississippi • Fall 1961: Interstate Commerce Commission issued regulations prohibiting segregation in interstate transit terminals

  29. Voter Registration Movement • Summer of 1964, Mississippi • Known as Mississippi Summer Project or Freedom Summer • Goal: increase voter registration in Mississippi • Part of a larger effort to expand black voting in the south

  30. What happened? • Constant abuse by the KKK, state and local law enforcement • Beatings, arson, false arrests, murder • Mississippi chosen for historically low African-American voter registration • Only able to register 1200 voters • Did establish 50 Freedom Schools for community organizing

  31. The Fist in the Air • 1968: Summer Olympics, Mexico City • John Carlos & Tommie Smith saluted black power & on behalf of Olympic Project for Human Rights • Banned from competing in future games • Smith later said it was a salute to Human Rights

  32. Malcolm X • Advocated black nationalism & self-government for black society • Converted to Islam • Assassinated by more radical members of Black Muslims

  33. Black Power • Frustrated by non-violent movement • Some looked for increased black pride and black nationalism through violence

  34. Bell Ringer Analyze the image below and determine its significance.

  35. United Farm Workers • 1962: Started as the National Farm Workers Association • 1966: Merged with Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee • 1972: Renamed UFW • Led by Cesar Chavez • Union created to organize farm workers to ensure fair employment practices • Focused on immigrant workers

  36. Strike • 1965: First against strike grape growers in California • 1968: Strike against table grape growers • Lasted years • Improved compensation & labor conditions • Many growers signed contracts with the union

  37. Cesar Chavez • Leader of UFW • Migrant worker in California (From Yuma, AZ) • Used boycotts, marches, and hunger strikes • Improved conditions for workers in California, Arizona, Texas, and Florida

  38. Women’s Suffrage

  39. National Organization for Women • Formed in 1966 • Pursue equality for women in education and employment • Proposed the Equal Rights Amendment to add gender specific language to the Constitution • Never ratified

  40. Is this an issue still today for women? On average, women make 77 cents for ever $1 men make

  41. Movement • Began with the abolitionist movement in the early 1820s & 30s • July 19 & 20, 1848: Seneca Falls, NY: Activists gather to discuss women’s rights • Led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott

  42. Movement Continued • Lost momentum during the Civil War • Tried to build off of the 14th & 15th Amendments III. Split in the movement based on whether or not to use momentum of black rights movements IV. Work state-by-state (American Women’s Suffrage Association) vs. Constitutionalists (National Women Suffrage Association)

  43. Success! • 1889-1910: Western states begin extending the right to vote to women (Wyoming was first) • Movement slowed during WWI • August 26, 1920: 19th Amendment granted the right to vote

  44. Bell Ringer In your notes: What were the UFW and NOW?

  45. results

  46. Supreme Court Cases • The Civil Rights era was defined by a series of landmark Supreme Court Cases that came to define what is fair and what is equal in this country. • We will look at the most influential cases on American society from 1803 to 1975

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