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Influenza biology and epidemiology

Learn about the biology and epidemiology of influenza, including the course of illness, symptoms, complications, and transmission. Explore the virus mutation, treatment options, and preparation strategies for individuals, businesses, and communities.

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Influenza biology and epidemiology

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  1. Influenza biology and epidemiology

  2. The course of illness • Symptoms • Fever, headache, body aches, fatigue • Cough, sore throat, runny nose • Duration: 2-7 days • Incubation period: 1-5 days • Susceptibility depends on prior exposure • Complications: bacterial infection

  3. Infectious disease progression Infection Resolution Exposure Symptoms Susceptible

  4. Infectious disease progression Infection Resolution Exposure Symptoms Susceptible Period of infectivity (SARS)

  5. Infectious disease progression Infection Resolution Exposure Symptoms Susceptible Period of infectivity (flu)

  6. The influenza virus H1N1

  7. Virus mutation • Drift • Relatively minor changes in the antigens • Partial immunity to subsequent infection • Shift • Radical change in the antigens • No immunity conferred from earlier infections

  8. Shift: Pandemic

  9. Jumping between people and animals

  10. Jumping between people and animals Avian flu Seasonal and Pandemic flu

  11. Avian flu

  12. Epidemic transmission

  13. Animal culling

  14. Treatment • Tamiflu • Relenza • After symptoms • Post exposure prophylaxis

  15. Social distancing • Isolation • Quarantine • Face masks • Cancel social gatherings

  16. Vaccine • This year’s seasonal vaccine based on last year’s strains • No vaccine yet for H5N1 • Can’t anticipate final mutation to a pandemic strain • Development 6-8 months after pandemic strain identified

  17. Preparation and response levels WHO Country States & Provinces Cities and Counties Businesses and Civil Society Individuals and Families

  18. 1918: Pandemic waves

  19. 1918: Illness rates by age

  20. 1918: Mortality rates by age

  21. 1976: Premature action

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