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The Gov’t of Rome: Rome was divided into two groups or orders:

The Gov’t of Rome: Rome was divided into two groups or orders: Patricians: great landowners, very wealthy, were Rome’s ruling class. Plebeians: small landowners, artisans, merchants, small farmers, most of the population. The Gov’t of Rome cont.

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The Gov’t of Rome: Rome was divided into two groups or orders:

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  1. The Gov’t of Rome: • Rome was divided into two groups or orders: • Patricians: great landowners, very wealthy, were Rome’s ruling class. • Plebeians: small landowners, artisans, merchants, small farmers, most of the population.

  2. The Gov’t of Rome cont. • Both patricians and plebeians could vote, but only patricians could hold gov’t office. • Consuls (2): elected every year, ran the gov’t, in charge of the military. • Praetors: in charge of civil law as it applied to citizens, also judged non-citizens.

  3. The Gov’t of Rome cont: • The Senate: • 300 patricians who served for life. • By 3rd cent. BC it had the force of law. • Centuriate Assembly: • Elected chief officials and passed laws. • Organized by class, wealthiest was the • majority.

  4. The Gov’t of Rome cont: • Council of Plebes: created in 471 BC. • Only plebes served, slowly gained power. • By 271 BC the Council had the right to pass laws.

  5. Roman Law: • Twelve Tables 450 BC: First code of laws for Rome, based on a simple farming society. • Law of Nations: Based on natural or universal law = standards of justice applied to all people. Write down 2 examples from 153.

  6. Conquests of Rome: • Main rival was Carthage who wanted to control Med. Trade. • 264 BC Rome and Carthage went to war: called the First Punic War.

  7. First Punic War: 264-241 BC. • Romans fought Carthage over the island of Sicily. • War fought mostly in naval battles. • Carthage defeated in 241 BC and was forced to give up Sicily.

  8. The Second Punic War 218-201 BC. • Rome and Carthage fought again, this time over Spain. • Carthage was led by Hannibal who vowed to destroy Rome. • Hannibal went through Spain, crossed the Alps, and invaded Italy.

  9. TheSecond Punic War 218-201 BC. Cont. • Battle of Cannae: 216 BC, Hannibal wiped out the Roman army. • Problem: Hannibal did not have the men or supplies to defeat Roman cities. • Rome then counter attacked and invaded Carthage – this forced Hannibal to retreat back to Carthage.

  10. The Second Punic War, 218-201 BC. Cont. • Battle of Zama, 202 BC: Rome defeated Carthage. • Carthage lost control of Spain to Rome. • Hannibal fled into exile.

  11. The Third Punic War • 50 years later. • 146 BC Rome destroyed Carthage, all citizens became slaves. • Carthage became a Roman province they called Africa.

  12. Punic Wars – Final Score: Rome: 3 Carthage: 0

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