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Rome

Chapter 5. Rome. Tiber River – access to sea Built on 7 hills – defense Influenced by Etruscans and Greeks Republic formed – 509 BC Overthrew Etruscan King Conquer all of Italy. Development. Patricians Plebeians Consuls Praetors Senate. Politics. Basis for Modern Law

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Rome

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  1. Chapter 5 Rome

  2. Tiber River – access to sea • Built on 7 hills – defense • Influenced by Etruscans and Greeks • Republic formed – 509 BC • Overthrew Etruscan King • Conquer all of Italy Development

  3. Patricians Plebeians Consuls Praetors Senate Politics

  4. Basis for Modern Law 12 Tablets – 1st code, protect rights of citizens Law

  5. Carthage – North Africa – Rival of Rome • 1st Punic War (264-241 BC) • Rome wins • Sicily is 1st Roman Province • 2nd Punic War (216 – 202 BC) • Hannibal invades Italy through Alps – Elephants • Defeats Romans, can’t take cities • Rome attacks and defeats Carthage • 3rd Punic War (146 BC) • Rome destroys Carthage • New Roman province named Africa • Rome is dominant power in Mediterranean Punic Wars

  6. Army becomes loyal to generals, not state • 1st Triumvirate • Crassus, Pompey, Julius Caesar • Caesar “crosses Rubicon” with army • Caesar wins civil war, becomes dictator – 45BC • Assassinated in 44 BC • 2nd Triumvirate • Octavian, Marc Antony, Lepidus • Octavian defeats Antony and Cleopatra • Octavian renamed Augustus – 1st emperor • Spreads Empire • Successors become powerful and corrupt • Caligula – Crazy • Nero – Greatest persecutor of Christians • Antichrist? Roman Empire

  7. 27-180 AD • Peace, civility, building projects • 5 “good” emperors • Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antonius Pius, Marcus Aurelius • Huge empire • 50 million pop. • Hard to defend • Culture mixes with Greek = Greco-Roman • Trade and farming • Huge gap between rich and poor PAX rOMANA

  8. Architecture based on Greek • Columns, arches, domes • Roads and aqueducts • Writers • Virgil – Virtues such as duty and honor • Home Life • Male dominated society • Females have male guardians • Arranged marriages • Slaves • More than any other civilizations • Variety of work – Doctors, teachers, laborers • Slave Revolts – Spartacus • Life in Rome • Crowded, noisy, dirty • Entertainment • Chariot Races – Circus Maximus • Gladiator Battles - Collosseum Culture

  9. Provinces have religious freedom • Judea – Israel • Constant problems – temple destroyed • Jesus begins Christianity movement • Turned over to Romans • Crucified • Apostles spread movement through empire • Churches all over empire, esp. East – 100 AD • Christian persecution • Threatens Roman order and religion Christianity

  10. Provides purpose to life for citizens • Easy to relate to • Need to belong • Esp. attractive to poor of empire • Constantine – 1st Christian Emperor • Makes Christianity a “permitted” religion • Council of Nicaea organizes Christianity – 313 AD • Theodosius I • Christianity is official Roman religion – 380 AD Adoption of Christianity

  11. Period of chaos and civil wars after 180 AD • Economic collapse and plague in 200’s AD • Western and Eastern Roman Empire • Diocletian divides empire into Tetrarchy • Constantine builds new capital Constantinople • Byzantium • Capital of Eastern Roman Empire Decline

  12. Germanic tribes move into Europe and Italy • Visigoths sack Rome – 410 AD • Vandals sack Rome – 455 AD • Emperor replaced by German leader – 476 AD • Fall of Western Roman Empire • No single cause for fall • Theories • Weakened by Christianity • Roman values not embraced by new comers • Plague • Too big to govern Fall

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