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Spread of Disease

Spread of Disease. Sources of Infectious Diseases. The source of a disease is known as a reservoir . A reservoir can be anything: inanimate object, person, animal, plant, etc. The reservoir of a disease is not necessarily affected by the disease. Carrier.

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Spread of Disease

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  1. Spread of Disease

  2. Sources of Infectious Diseases • The source of a disease is known as a reservoir. • A reservoir can be anything: inanimate object, person, animal, plant, etc. • The reservoir of a disease is not necessarily affected by the disease

  3. Carrier • The most important type of reservoir in human disease is known as a carrier. • A carrier is a person who carries (is infected by) a communicable disease • A carrier of a disease may not have symptoms

  4. Animal Reservoir - FYI • A zoonosis is a communicable disease which is transmitted from a non-human animal to a human. • Here the non-human animal is the reservoir. • About 150 zoonotic human disease are known. • Examples: anthrax, bubonic plague, cat-scratch fever, influenza, Lyme disease, malaria, pneumonic plague, psittacosis, rabies, ringworm, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tapeworm, toxoplasmosis, typhus fever, western equine encephalitis, yellow fever.

  5. Endogenous Infection - FYI • An endogenous infection is one which is caused by an opportunistic pathogen from an individual's own normal microbiota. • Typically this is a consequence either of the individual being in a weakened state, or in the opportunist being deposited in a location other than that in which it typically benignly resides.

  6. Transmission of Disease • There are three main ways in which diseases are transmitted • Contact • Vehicle • Vector

  7. Contact • Diseases can be spread by direct contact (person to person), indirect contact (doorknob), or by droplets (released into the air when sneezing)

  8. Vehicle • A vehicle is something that is taken into the body as part of living (food, water, air) • When contaminated, these things can cause disease

  9. Vector • Vectors are organisms that transmit infections from one host to another • They are usually insects

  10. Disease Classification • Endemic • Common Source Outbreak • Epidemic • Pandemic

  11. Endemic Disease - FYI • An endemic disease is one that is always present in a population

  12. Common Source Outbreak • Some diseases arise from a single definable source, such as a common water supply.

  13. Epidemic • An epidemic disease is a disease that many people acquire over a short period

  14. Pandemic • A pandemic disease is a world-wide epidemic disease

  15. Primary Source • http://www.mansfield.ohio-state.edu/~sabedon/biol2050.htm

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