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Spread of Industrialization. Who. Belgium, France, Germany, the new U.S. Low Countries-Belgium Netherlands, Luxemburg Still agrarian but made improvements Did have population growth Increase foreign trade and cottage industries. Hurdles. Needed good roads Problems with river transport
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Who • Belgium, France, Germany, the new U.S. • Low Countries-Belgium Netherlands, Luxemburg • Still agrarian but made improvements • Did have population growth • Increase foreign trade and cottage industries
Hurdles • Needed good roads • Problems with river transport • Toll stations-increased the price of goods • Guild restrictions • Association of artisans who control the practice of a craft in a town (union, secret society) • Screen actors guild • Did not take risks
Borrowing Techniques • Britain tried to protect knowledge and machines • Until 1825 Artisans were not allowed to leave country • Unit 1842 no export of machines or parts • Still happening illegally • France and Germany Start Tech schools which further spreads knowledge
Role of Government • Provided for costs of tech ed • Awarded grants to investors • In some places financed factories • Built roads and canals/railroads • Protective tariffs-against Britain's cheap goods
Centers of Industrialization • France leader of cotton goods • Still a generation behind Britain used older machines and less productive labor • Belgium gravitated toward steam engine and invested in new machines • Mid 1840s had the most modern cotton system
Britain vs. Continent • Britain cotton industry in one place (Northern Britain) • Britain Relied on Cotton and used it to drive their industry • Continental had cotton industry spread all over and used old and new techniques • Continent relied on iron and coal of heavy industry (mining)