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Phylum Arthropoda

Phylum Arthropoda. Read Chap 31 pgs. 681-703 Dichotomous Key. What is Entomology?. The study of insects (and their near relatives). Species Diversity. PLANTS. INSECTS. OTHER ANIMALS. OTHER ARTHROPODS. Arthropods. Jointed-legged invertebrates. CLASSIFICATION

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Phylum Arthropoda

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  1. Phylum Arthropoda • Read Chap 31 pgs. 681-703 • Dichotomous Key

  2. Whatis Entomology? The study of insects (and their near relatives).

  3. Species Diversity PLANTS INSECTS OTHER ANIMALS OTHER ARTHROPODS

  4. Arthropods Jointed-legged invertebrates

  5. CLASSIFICATION • (LEARN EXAMPLES OF EACH CLASS) • SUB- Trilobita Crustacea Chelicerata Uniramia • PHYLUM • CLASS extinct Crustacea Arachnida Chilopoda • Diplopoda • Insecta • ORDER 16

  6. Characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda • - Segmented bodies are arranged into regions, called tagmata (in insects = head, thorax, abdomen). • - Paired appendages (e.g., legs, antennae, wings) are jointed. • - Possess chitinous exoskeleton that must be shed during growth. • Open circulatory system • Nervous system is ventral (belly) and the circulatory system is open and dorsal (back). • Complete digestive system Head Thorax Abdomen

  7. Exoskeleton • Major reason for success! • Provides • Support • Protection • Prevention of dehydration • Sites for muscle attachment

  8. Metamorphosis • Change body form from immature (larval) stages to adult forms • Reduces competition between stages for • Food • Living space

  9. Taxonomy of Arthropods • 4 subphyla • Trilobitomorpha (all extinct) • Chelicerata • Crustacea • Uniramia The state fossil of Ohio

  10. Subphylum Chelicerata (plier like) • Horseshoe crabs • Spiders • Mites • Ticks • Scorpions

  11. Scorpion

  12. Scorpion Anatomy

  13. Scorpion Head chelicerae eyes pedipalp

  14. Orders of Arachnids Pseudoscorpion Tick (a mite) Scorpion Wolf Spider Daddy-long-legs

  15. Pseudo scorpion(pseudo means “false”)

  16. Mite and Tick Body Regions pedipalps & chelicerae cephalothorax abdomen

  17. Common ticks American dog tick male -Vectors Rocky mountain spotted fever Blacklegged (deer) tick female - Vectors Lyme disease

  18. American dog tick female laying egg mass (1000-2000 eggs!).

  19. Mites Clover mites Twospotted spider mites Velvet mite Predatory mite

  20. Phalanges (daddy-long-legs) cephalothorax abdomen

  21. Spider Anatomy pedipalp chelicera (fang) cephalothorax narrow waist abdomen

  22. Abdomen Cephalothorax Chelicera (fang) Pedipalp JumpingSpider

  23. Wolf spider with egg case Spitting spider Orbweaving spider Tarantula

  24. Dangerous Spiders Black widow with egg case Brown recluse (fiddleback)

  25. Interesting modifications • Spinnerets • Malpighian tubules

  26. Subphylum Crustacea • Shrimp, lobsters, crayfish • Fairy shrimp, brine shrimp • Water fleas • Barnacles

  27. Crustaceans Crayfish cephalothorax (Decapoda) Sow bug (Isopoda), a terrestrial crustacean

  28. CLASS CRUSTACEA tremendous variety • daphnia, crabs, lobster, pill bugs, crayfish • *primarily aquatic, mostly marine 25,000 species • (motile sessile microscopic, 2 ft. or more) • *gills, at least 5 pairs of legs • *carapace- shield to protect vital organs • * branched antennae • see lab for specifics of this group

  29. Subphylum Uniramia • Class Diplopoda (millipedes) • Class Chilopoda (centipedes) • Class Hexapoda (insects)

  30. [one pair of antennae, head & trunk regions, trunk with many pairs of legs] Diplopod (Millipede) Two pair of legs per visible segment, attached under body. Chilopod (Centipede) Pair of fangs under head, one pair legs per visible segment - attached to side of body. Symphyla (Symphyla)[garden centipede] No fangs, no eyes, legs attached to side of body.

  31. Millipede (Diplopoda) Centipede (Chilopoda) Garden centipede (Symphyla)

  32. Nervous System • Johnston’s organs (hearing - on antennae) • Tympanic organs (hearing – on legs or body) • Compound eyes (facets – ommatidia – fused) • Simple eyes (ocelli)

  33. Economic Impact of Arthropods 1. Name two effects of each major group has on mankind (good and bad). Crustacea, Millipede, Centipede, Arachnida 2. For insects, list 4 good things that they do and 4 bad things that they are responsible for.

  34. Insects Head Thorax Abdomen

  35. How Many Kinds Insects are there in the world? Possibly 3,000,000 unidentified species • 1,000,000 species known

  36. Classification of Japanese Beetle • Kingdom Animalia • Phylum Arthropoda • Class Insecta • Order Coleoptera • Family Scarabaeidae • Genus Popillia • Species japonica

  37. *molting "ecdysiast"- • hormone induced changes to create new and larger exoskeleton • desiccation potential • "instars" periods between molts • vulnerable while exchanging skeleton • may continue throughout life or end at a particular point

  38. DIGESTION • foregut • ingestion, mechanical breakdown and storage • midgut • chemical digestion, absorption, enzymatic, • (sounds like our intestines) • hindgut • absorption of water and formation of feces

  39. RESPIRATION (handout in binder ) Open Circulatory System- blood not confined to the vessels • Pericardial sinus- space for gas exchange around the heart (open space) • Gases into the body through the spiracles in the exoskeleton (waxy) • Trachae- tubes from spiracles to vital locations • ***blood is not vital for gas exchange*** rare to find hemoglobin • Tracheoles- branches with membranes at the end fluid tipped perhaps

  40. other possible modifications • *book lungs- look like corrugated cardboard • *coordination between opening and closing of spiracles to pump the air in (think of a tire pump) • *air sacs at the end of the tracheoles for increased surface area • *gills

  41. BEHAVIOR IN THE PHYLUM ARTHROPODA • (insects mostly) video Swarming Hordes • Communication • Chemical, visual, and auditory

  42. Communication *chemical Pheromones- airborne chemicals are used by males can find females for mating purposes • 1) releasers- immediate behavior change • 2) primers- profound physiological changes Bug’s Life

  43. humans have exploited this with bug traps (June bugs) • Scent trails can be left on the ground during food foraging trips (A BUG’S Life video) • plants mimic scents to attract pollinators • death pheromones- remove ant from a colony and paint with the chemical, return to colony and is repeatedly carried away. • 0.00000001 grams silkworm female can be detected 2 miles

  44. Communication • *visual- • can see ultraviolet wavelengths of light • Fireflies use light to attract mates Males are in the air while females remain on the ground

  45. Communication • *Sound • production in grasshoppers, crickets and cicadas • scraping of limbs on the exoskeleton, air vibrations along the exoskeleton caused by muscle movement

  46. Mimicry • visual, camouflage (hide or lie in ambush) • SOUNDS CAN ALSO BE MIMICED • (faked you out!) • Now you’re dinner!

  47. SOCIAL BEHAVIOR requires communication • A colony can have the same effect as a large single animal • Hey, hey, hey do what I tell you

  48. Division of Labor • ex. bee hive • 80,000 members • polymorphic anatomy • Drone Worker Queen

  49. What a life? • worker 6 wk. life, sterile female, reproductive organs become stinger, 1,000 s • drone- (n) reproductive male, only for mating, 100s, die after mating, killed if food is low • queen bee- reproductive female, 5-6 year life

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