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Bellwork

Explore the rise of the samurai, their strict code of conduct called Bushido, the role of the shoguns, and the impact of feudalism in Japan. Discover how religion and the arts flourished under the shoguns, and the influence of trade on the city of Heian-Kyo.

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Bellwork

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  1. Bellwork Grab a page of notes from the front. Define these terms: -Samurai: Japanese warriors who followed strict codes and fought for land ownership -Bushido: Samurai code of conduct, “the way of the warrior” -Shogun: commander of military government -Daimyo: powerful military lords who controlled territories in Japan -Vassal: a person under the protection of a lord to whom he has vowed loyalty -Feudalism: a system of service between a lord and his loyal vassals

  2. Rise of the Samurai -As we learned in the last lesson, Japanese nobles gave land to warriors who agreed to fight for them. These warriors became known as samurai. -In battle, samurai fought on horseback with swords, daggers, and bows and arrows.

  3. Rise of the Samurai -The word samurai means “to serve.” -The samurai lived by a strict code of conduct called Bushido, which means “the way of the warrior.”

  4. Rise of the Samurai -The code of Bushido said that a samurai must be loyal to his master, and must be brave and honorable. -Another part of Bushido said that a samurai must not be captured in battle, and it was more honorable to die in battle than to be captured.

  5. 1. Who were land-owning warriors who fought for Japanese nobles? 2. What does the word samurai mean? 3. How did the code of Bushido affect the lives of the samurai?

  6. Bushido Quote • “What is most important to the heart of a warrior?” The answer is, “To desire with one’s very soul every second of every day to accomplish one’s aim.” • Write your interpretation of this quote. • How would this quote change the life of a samurai?

  7. Bushido Quote #2 • “If you are caught unprepared by a sudden rainstorm, you should not run foolishly down the road or hide under the eves of houses. You are going to get soaked either way. Accept that from the beginning and go on your way. This way you will not be distressed by a little rain. Apply this lesson to everything.” • How would this quote be beneficial to the lives of samurai warriors? • Is this quote applicable to your life? Why or why not?

  8. Shoguns in Japan -In the early 1100s, noble families used their samurai armies to fight one another. They fought over land and to gain control of the emperor. -In 1180, a civil war broke out between the two most powerful families in Japan, the Taira and the Minamoto families. -The Minamoto family won, because of their commander MinamotoYoritomo.

  9. Shoguns in Japan -The emperor was afraid of the growing power of Yoritomo, so he gave Yoritomo the title of shogun, or commander of the military forces. -This created two governments in Japan. The emperor remained at Heian-Kyo as Japan’s official leader, but had very little real power.

  10. Shoguns in Japan -Meanwhile, the shogun set up a military government known as a shogunate. -For about the next 700 years, shoguns ran Japan’s government.

  11. 4. How did the civil war in 1180 change Japan?

  12. A Divided Japan -In the early 1300s, there was a change of shogunate governments, and Japan’s government became weak. -The country soon divided into many small territories. These territories were controlled by the daimyo, who were powerful military lords.

  13. A Divided Japan -The daimyo remained loyal to the Japanese government, but governed their lands like independent states. To guard these lands, the daimyo used samurai warriors. -Many samurai became vassals of a daimyo. A vassal is a person under the protection of a lord to whom he has vowed loyalty.

  14. A Divided Japan -These samurai gave an oath of loyalty to their daimyo and pledged to serve him in battle. In return, each daimyo gave land to his samurai. -This bond of loyalty between a lord and a vassal is known as feudalism. Feudalism is the system of service between a lord and the vassals who are loyal to the lord.

  15. 5. Who were the rulers of Japanese territories when shogunates became weak in the 1300s? 6. What was the relationship between Japanese daimyo and samurai warriors? 7. What is feudalism?

  16. Society under the Shoguns -During the time of the shoguns, religion and the arts flourished in Japan. Many Japanese monks, artists, writers, and traders visited China and borrowed Chinese ideas. - Under the shoguns, religion influenced every part of daily life in Japan. Most Japanese believed in both Shinto and Buddhism.

  17. Society under the Shoguns -Japan produced more goods and grew richer under the shoguns. Japanese goods were traded around Southeast Asia, and Heian-Kyo became a major city. -During the time of the shoguns, the Japanese wrote poems, stories, and plays. In the 1600s, haikus were invented. A haiku is a 3-line poem with 17 total syllables.

  18. 8. Overall, was life in Japan good or bad under shogunate governments? 9. Which country had a great influence on Japan during the time of the shogunates? 10. How did the success of Japanese trade under the shogunates affect the city of Heian-Kyo?

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