Kevin J. Benoy Social Studies Department

1. Sutherland Open HouseFebruary, 2014Body Building – The Human Cathedral(Architecture from Romanesque to Gothic) Kevin J. Benoy Social Studies Department

2. The Plan • First we will look at a few Medieval architectural developments. • Then we will demonstrate those principles using people as building blocks.

3. From Darkness to Light Autun Cathedral Romanesque interiors were heavy and dark Chartres Cathedral Gothic interiors were light and airy.

4. Suger’s New Style • At St. Denis (Paris), Bishop Suger wanted to bring “the light of God” into his Church. • The engineering techniques were not new, but were never employed together to this effect before.

5. Suger’s New Style -Pointed Arches • Gothic pointed arches directed weight downward in a more focused way – the result was that vertical supports could be spaced more widely apart than the old rounded arches allowed. • Walls no longer need bear so much weight. Romanesque (Norman) Arches at Gloucester Gothic Arches at St. Denis

6. Suger’s New Style – Ribbed Vaults • Romanesque design took the rounded arch, extending it through space to form a barrel vault where the weight was supported by thick walls. • The Gothic style added a stone skeleton of ribbed vaults to focus overhead weight onto supporting piers. Walls that no longer bore loads could be filled with glass.

7. Suger’s New style – Flying Buttresses • Builders have long known that adding outside supports to a wall gave additional strength. Thick Romanesque walls were bolstered by frequent buttressing. • The flying buttress allowed weight to be transferred to supports pushed outside the building. Romanesque Buttresses, Autun Flying Buttresses transferring Weight – Notre Dame, Paris

8. Suger’s New Style - Gothic • Pointed Arches • Ribbed Vaults • Flying Buttresses • Together, these features allowed for a new, light, airy, larger, open-plan space that awed medieval viewers and continues to awe people today.