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Machines!

Machines!. Physical Science. What are machines?. Machines can be anything from complex designs (cars, draw-bridges, elevators, etc.) to simple, everyday objects (hammers, screws, wheelbarrow)

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Machines!

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  1. Machines! Physical Science

  2. What are machines? • Machines can be anything from complex designs (cars, draw-bridges, elevators, etc.) to simple, everyday objects (hammers, screws, wheelbarrow) • Think about this: when you get a flat tire, is it easier to lift up your car with your bare hands, or is it easier to use a car jack to lift your car?

  3. Why make machines? • Machines redistribute the work we put into them • Can change the direction of a force • Can increase/decrease force by changing distance

  4. Forces • Input force • What we PUT INTO the machine • Output force • What force RESULTS from the machine

  5. Simple Machines • The following six machines is the basis for all machines:

  6. The Lever Family • Levers • Wheel and Axle • Pulleys

  7. Levers • All types have a rigid ARM and a point where everything turns on, called the FULCRUM • Force applied to one point on the arm, load lifted at another • Divided into three classes

  8. 1st Class Levers • Fulcrum is in between input and output points

  9. 2nd Class Lever • Fulcrum is at one end of arm, input force at other end, load is in the middle

  10. 3rd Class Lever • Your arm! One end is the fulcrum, the force comes from the middle, the output comes off of the other end

  11. Pulleys • Pulleys are used to lift objects • Flag on a flagpole • Sail on a sailboat • Using multiple pulleys can minimize/decrease input force

  12. Wheel and Axle • Made of a lever or pulley (wheel) connected to a shaft (axle) • When the wheel turns, the axle also turns • When a small input is applied to the wheel, the force is multiplied to a large output force applied to the steering column

  13. The Inclined Plane Family • Inclined plane • Wedge • Screw

  14. Inclined Plane • Multiply and redirect force • Small input force turns into large output force by spreading it over a distance

  15. Wedge • Functions like 2 inclined planes back to back • Push a ramp instead of pushing something up a ramp • Ex: Ax blade, Splitting wedge, and Nail

  16. Screws • Threads on a screw look like a spiral inclined plane • Jar lids

  17. Compound Machines • A machine made of more than one simple machine • Scissors? • 2 first class levers and 2 wedges • Car jack? • lever and large screw

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