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Tree Growth Unit 10

Tree Growth Unit 10. Objectives. Learn how woody plants grow Know where growth occurs in a tree Understand the relationship of tree ring growth and environmental conditions Describe limiting factors for tree GROWTH. Question.

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Tree Growth Unit 10

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  1. Tree GrowthUnit 10

  2. Objectives • Learn how woody plants grow • Know where growth occurs in a tree • Understand the relationship of tree ring growth and environmental conditions • Describe limiting factors for tree GROWTH

  3. Question • If I were to hammer a nail into a tree 3 feet off the ground and the tree grows 1foot per year. In 25years how far off the ground will the nail be?

  4. How Does A Tree Grow • MERISTEM tissue in the • Bud--crown • Root tips--roots • Cambium--trunk From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE

  5. Roots • Apical MERISTEM protected by a root cap (cells divide and differentiate) • Permanent roots—anchorage • Feeder roots • Root hairs—water and nutrient absorption

  6. Roots • Absorbing roots are concentrated in the top 6-18 inches of soil (water, nutrients and oxygen) • Roots cover 4 to 7 times the area of the crown From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE

  7. Tree Root Classes • Heart root (red oak, honey locust, basswood, pines) • Tap root (hickory, walnut, butternut, white oak and hornbeam) • Flat root (birch, fir, spruce, sugar maple, cottonwood and silver maple) From the Iowa State University Forestry Extension http://www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/pubs/F-308.pdf

  8. Trunk • Growth in diameter of plants is due to cell division in the cambium • Located just under the bark • Inside—xylem –conducts water and nutrients • Outside—phloem—transports sugars, amino acids, vitamins, hormones and stored food

  9. *Sapwood Heartwood Outer Bark Phloem Cambium Xylem From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE

  10. From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE

  11. From the University of Georgia School of Forestry http://www.forestry.uga.edu/warnell/service/library/index.php3?docID+172

  12. From the MSU AGRSCIENCE WEB PAGE

  13. Wood Types • Spring wood (early wood) • Summer wood (late wood) • Heart wood—old xylem tissue (provides structure and infection resistance) • Sapwood—living xylem active in fluid transport • Phloem—inner bark nutrient transport, outer bark—dead phloem

  14. Factors Affecting Ring Growth From the University of Georgia School of Forestry http://www.forestry.uga.edu/warnell/service/library/index.php3?docID+172

  15. Crown • Buds—apical MERISTEM 3 types • Mixed—shoots—leaves and or flowers • Leaf buds • Shoot buds • Terminal buds--apex of MERISTEM (trunk) • Lateral buds—branches and flowers From: Iowa State University Forestry Extension Notes F-308 www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/pubs/F-308.pdf

  16. Types Of Buds • Fixed growth—the number of leaves and nodes for next year is fixed by this years resource availability (length of nodes is dependent on next years conditions (pine, oaks hickory) • Free growth—buds containing leaves are preformed but additional leaves can be added depending on that years CONDITONS (cottonwood, willow, and silver maple)

  17. Tree Form • EXCURRENT—strong apical dominance (conical—pines) • DECURRENT—lack of strong apical dominance—deliquescent (large spreading crowns) From: Iowa State University Forestry Extension Notes F-308 www.ag.iastate.edu/departments/forestry/ext/pubs/F-308.pdf

  18. What Have We Learned Today • Learned tree growth occurs in Meristem tissue of Roots (tip), trunk (cambium) and crown (buds) (Down, Out and Up) • Water is the most restrictive factor affecting tree growth (Light, Temperature and Relative humidity)

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