Future Technologies

1. Future Technologies Lecture 13

2. In this lecture we will discuss some of the important technologies of the future • Autonomic Computing • Cloud Computing • Grid Computing • Quantum Computing

3. Autonomic computing • Tomorrows computer networks will be intelligent. • They will be able to find faults and correct them without human intervention • Using artificial intelligence computer networks can be made intelligent enough to make self decision • Autonomic computing refers to the self-managing characteristics of a network -Ability of a network to self-heal in the event of failures or faults. • Autonomic network can quickly isolate faults in the network while keeping other parts of the network unaffected.

4. Cloud Computing • Cloud computing is the use of computing resources (hardware and software) that are delivered as a service to the users over a network (typically the Internet). • Cloud Computing is the next stage in the Internet's evolution • It is a from computing where everything like Infrastructure, applications, business processes, personal collaboration can be delivered to you as a service wherever and whenever you need. • The “cloud” in cloud computing can be defined as the set of hardware, networks, storage, services, and interfaces that combine to deliver computing as a service. • Cloud services include the delivery of software, infrastructure, and storage over the Internet based on user demand.

5. Participants in the Cloud Computing • The end user: who doesn’t have to know anything about the underlying technology. • Business management: who needs to take responsibility for the governance of data or services. • Cloud service providers: who is responsible for IT assets and maintenance, and provides a predictable and guaranteed service and security to all their customers.

6. Future of Cloud Computing • Cloud computing can completely change the way companies use technology to service customers, partners, and suppliers. • Some businesses, such as Google and Amazon, already have most of their IT resources in the cloud. • They have found that it can eliminate many of the complex constraints from the traditional computing environment, including space, time, power, and cost.

7. Grid Computing • At its most basic level, grid computing is a computer network in which each computer's resources are shared with every other computer in the system. • Processing power, memory and data storage are all community resources that authorized users can tap into and leverage for specific tasks. • The grid computing concept isn't a new one. It's a special kind of distributed computing. • In distributed computing, different computers within the same network share one or more resources.

8. Grid Computing contd.. • In the ideal grid computing system, every resource is shared, turning a computer network into a powerful supercomputer. • With the right user interface, accessing a grid computing system would look no different than accessing a local machine's resources. • Every authorized computer would have access to enormous processing power and storage capacity.

9. Grid Computing: Example • A well-known grid computing project is the SETI (Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence) • In this PC users worldwide have donated unused processor cycles to help the search for signs of extraterrestrial life by analyzing signals coming from outer space. • The project relies on individual users to volunteer to allow the project to harness the unused processing power of the user's computer. • This method saves both money and resources.

10. Quantum Computing • The massive amount of processing power generated by computer manufacturers has not yet been able to quench our thirst for speed and computing capacity. • The large amounts of data generated by scientific research, emergence of the Internet, have only fueled our need for more, more and more computing power. • Moore's Law states, the number of transistors on a microprocessor continues to double every 18 months • That means the year 2020 or 2030 will find the circuits on a microprocessor measured on an atomic scale.

11. And the logical next step will be to create quantum computers, which will harness(use) the power of atoms and molecules to perform memory and processing tasks. • Quantum computers have the potential to perform certain calculations significantly faster than any silicon-based computer (today's computer). • Scientists have already built basic quantum computers that can perform certain calculations; but a practical quantum computer is still years away.

12. Today's computers, work by manipulating bits that exist in one of two states: a 0 or a 1. • Quantum computers aren't limited to two states (1, and 0); they encode information as quantum bits, or qubits, which can exist in superposition (1 and 0 both). • A qubit can represent "1" or "0" but also both at the same time - known as a superposition. • This superposition of qubits is what gives quantum computers the real power and parallelism. • This parallelism allows a quantum computer to work on a million computations at once.

13. Qubits represent atoms, ions, photons or electrons and their respective control devices that are working together to act as computer memory and a processor. • Because a quantum computer can contain these multiple states simultaneously, it has the potential to be millions of times more powerful than today's most powerful supercomputers. • A 30-qubit quantum computer would be able to process trillions of floating-point operations per second(teraflopps). Today's desktop computers run at speeds measured in gigaflops (billions of floating-point operations per second).