Unit 09 Earth Cycles

1. Unit 09Earth Cycles Lesson 01: Day, Night, and Seasons

2. Warm Up

3. Why Day and Night? Why Seasons? • Open Why Day and Night and Seasons? • Answer the questions in one complete sentence and one illustration • Why do we have day and night? • Why do we have seasons? • Share your reflections with your partner. • Share your reflections with your group.

4. Day and Night • Open Anticipation Guide • Work with your shoulder partner and mark “Agree or Disagree” in the “Before” column for each statement. • We will revisit the questions and mark the “After” column at the end of the lesson

5. Day and Night Investigation • Next page Day and Night Investigation • Day and Night Investigation • Data • - • - • - • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6

6. Day and Night • Why does the Earth experience day and night? • The rotation of the Earth • What does “rotate” mean? • To spin • What is a limitation of the investigation model? • What direction does the Earth rotate? • Counterclockwise from west to east • What is the rotational axis? • The rotational axis is the imaginary line around which the Earth spins. • How long does it take the Earth to rotate on its axis one time? • 24hours

7. Homework • Complete page 3 by filling in the blanks

8. Warm Up

9. Day and Night • Complete the Handout with your table group titled Seasons

10. Seasons Key

11. Season • Add the Following information to your handout • Autumnal equinox- day with equal periods of light and dark occurring in the autumn (September 21) • D • Vernal equinox- day with equal periods of light and dark occurring in the spring (March 21) • B • Summer solstice- day with the longest period of light in the Northern Hemisphere (June 21) • C • Winter solstice- day with the shortest period of light in the northern hemisphere (December 21) • A

12. Seasons Investigation • Open Seasons Investigation • Write Data • Number 1 - 9 • Seasons Investigation • Data • - • - • - • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9

13. Seasons • Why does the Earth experience different seasons? • The tilt of the Earth and revolution of the Earth around the Sun cause different amounts of light to fall on different portions of the Earth at different angles. • What does “revolve” mean? • Revolve means to make a complete path around an object. • Does the Earth’s rotational axis move? • No • How do the winter and summer seasons in the Northern Hemisphere compare? • The North Pole tilts (points) towards the Sun in the summer and away from the Sun in the winter. The North Pole does not tilt (point) towards or away from the Sun in the autumn or spring.

14. Seasons • What is an advantage of the investigation model? • size, scale, properties, and materials. • What is a limitation of the investigation model? • size, scale, properties, and materials. • What direction does the Earth revolve? • The Earth revolves counterclockwise if looked at from a perspective above the North Pole. • How long does it take the Earth to revolve around the Sun one time? • 365.25 days • What is the order of the seasons beginning with winter? • Winter, spring, summer, autumn (fall)).

15. Video Clip • http://studyjams.scholastic.com/studyjams/jams/science/solar-system/day-on-earth.htm

16. Warm Up • What season is the Northern Hemisphere in? • Summer • What season is the Southern Hemisphere in? • Winter Sun Earth

17. Sentence Completion • Open Anticipation Guide • Work with your shoulder partner to mark “Agree or Disagree” in the “After” column.  • Do not change your answers from the “Before” column

18. Sentence Completion • Key • What changes did you make?

19. Sentence Completion • Now, we are going to work in groups on an activity called “The Beginning of the End” to match beginning and ending sentence strips. • Example: • Our Earth rotates on its… …axis once every 24 hours. • DO NOT PUT THEM UP

20. Sentence Completion • Create a page and title it Sentence Completion • Choice 5 of the complete sentence and a

21. Warm Up • What season is the Northern Hemisphere in? • Summer • What season is the Southern Hemisphere in? • Winter Sun Earth

22. Sentence Completion • Open Anticipation Guide • Work with your shoulder partner to mark “Agree or Disagree” in the “After” column.  • Do not change your answers from the “Before” column

23. Sentence Completion • Key • What changes did you make?

24. Sentence Completion • Now, we are going to work in groups on an activity called “The Beginning of the End” to match beginning and ending sentence strips. • Example: • Our Earth rotates on its… …axis once every 24 hours. • DO NOT PUT THEM UP

25. Sentence Completion • Create a page and title it Sentence Completion • Choice 5 of the complete sentence and write them in your spiral

26. Sentence Completion • United Streaming • The Reasons for the Seasons

27. Warm Up • What season is the Northern Hemisphere in? • Winter • What season is the Southern Hemisphere in? • Summer Sun Earth

28. Test Review • Each question is worth 5 points • Add a 10 point curve

29. How It Works Book Part 1 • Today, you will be creating a “How It Works” book to explain and illustrate the Earth, Sun and Moon cycles of day/night and seasons. • You have spent time this week modeling day/night and seasons as well as analyzing the causes of these cycles.   • You will add to and complete the book Thursday.

30. Warm Up • What season is the Northern Hemisphere on the pink Earth in? • Spring • What season is the Southern Hemisphere on the purple Earth in? • Spring Sun

31. ABC Moon Race • When it is your turn, write a term that applies to the Moon in the box that corresponds to the first letter of the term, in the appropriate box below. • As soon as you have written a word, pass the paper to the next person on the team. • You may not pass the paper until you have written a word but your group may help. • You do not have to write words in alphabetical order. • More than one word per box may be written, but you cannot put the same word twice. • Be thinking of another word for the next time the paper comes to you

32. ABC Moon Race • You have 3 minutes

33. Moon Phases Card Sort

34. Lunar Pop • Open Lunar Pops • Lunar Pops • Data • - • - • - • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6

35. Lunar Pops • You will play two roles during the lab: • Earth • Moon • You will fill out the Diagram during the lab • You will fill out the Questions after the lab

36. Warm Up • What season is the Northern Hemisphere on the purple Earth in? • Fall • What season is the Southern Hemisphere on the pink Earth in? • Fall Sun

37. Lunar Cycle Open: Lunar Cycle Copy what is in Blue Goal: Identify the phases of the Moon, and relate the phases to eclipses.

38. Memory Devices: • White on the right, growing bright! • White on the left, losing light!

39. Memory Devices: • Wax on – increasing light! • Just as a candle wick is dipped in wax and the candle wax increases the size of the candle. • Wane off – decreasing light! • Gibbous – bulge

40. Memory Devices: • New Moon = Near the Sun • Full Moon = Far from Sun • Remember, YOU are on the EARTH looking at the Moon.

41. New Moon The new moon phase occurs when the Moon is between the Sun and the Earth. When this occurs, there is a possibility of having a solar eclipse. Solar eclipses do not happen each month because the orbit of the Moon is 10o off from the orbit of the Earth.

42. Waxing Crescent The Moon revolves around the Earth. Waxing means to increase in size. This refers to the lit portion of the Moon. Crescent refers to the shape. Waxing Crescent is after the New Moon

43. First Quarter When the Moon has gone one fourth of the way around the Earth, it is called the first quarter. From our point of view, the right half of the Moon is lit.

44. Waxing Gibbous The gibbous phase looks like a fat football. The word gibbous means bulging. During the waxing gibbous phase, the lit side of the Moon continues to grow in size.

45. Full Moon During the full moon, we see the light reflecting from the entire surface of the Moon facing the Earth. During this phase, it is possible to have a lunar eclipse.

46. Waning Gibbous Waning means to decrease in size. During the waning phase of the Moon, the lit portion decreases in size. The waning gibbous occurs after the full moon.

47. Third Quarter The third quarter has the lit side on the left. The Moon is three fourths of the way around its orbit.

48. Waning Crescent The waning crescent gets smaller and smaller, until the Moon completes its orbit and begins a new cycle with another new moon. Waning Crescent is the last phase.

49. Solar Eclipse The Moon moves directly between the Sun and Earth. As seen from the Earth, a solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun. This does not occur with every new moon due to the Moon's orbit is inclined or tilted at more than 10 degrees to Earth's orbit around the Sun so its shadow at new moon usually misses Earth.The Moon casts a shadow on the Earth; only occurs with a new moon.

50. Lunar Eclipse The Earth, Sun, and Moon are directly lined up in the center. The Earth casts a shadow on the Moon; only occurs with a full moon. This does not occur with every full moon due to the Moon being 10o off from the orbit of the Earth.