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Mid-East Geography and Islam

Explore the life of Prophet Muhammad, the rise of Islam, and its key pillars. Discover the history, teachings, and significance of Islam in the Middle East.

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Mid-East Geography and Islam

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  1. Mid-East Geography and Islam

  2. The crossroads of 3 continents • Trade • Invasion • Cultural diffusion

  3. Resources of the Middle East • Textiles • Metals • Water • Oil • Natural Gas

  4. The Arabs • Arabs are Semitic-speaking nomadic peoples living on the Arabian Peninsula • Sheikhs are Arabs leaders elected by the village council of elders • Worked as farmers and sheep herders • Polytheistic beliefs with Allah being the supreme god • Arabian Peninsula = more important when trade routes shifted to area due to dangers in Egypt and Mesopotamia which allowed the area to prosper!

  5. Important Cities • Mecca • Medina • Jerusalem: home of sites holy to Jews, Christians, and Muslims

  6. Personal Information • Born in Mecca, 570 CE • Father died before birth and his mother died at age 6 • Raised by grandfather and then uncle • Worked as a shepherd and trader

  7. Personal Information • Called al-Amin meaning “the trustworthy man” • Became a caravan trader with the Bedouins (leading group) • Married widow Khadija at age 25 (she had employed him)

  8. The Prophecy • Muhammad is frustrated by lack of charity and false worship in his community so he goes to meditate… • 610 CE –the angel Gabriel appeared to Muhammad and proclaimed him to be the messenger of god while meditating • Muhammad began to preach to a small group including his wife

  9. Muhammad • Muhammad preached Islam (“peace through surrender to God”) to his followers • Monotheistic faith • Conflicted with priests and wealthy traders in Mecca

  10. The Hijra • 622 CE - Muhammad was forced to leave Mecca (life threatened) • Welcomed in Medina • 630 CE - returns to Mecca with army • Destroys icons in the Kaaba except the Black Stone

  11. Muhammad • Mecca becomes spiritual center of Islam • Muhammad died in 632 CE • Succeeded as Islamic leader by his father in law Abu Bakr

  12. The Koran or Qu’ran • Holy book of Islam • Written down after Mohammad’s death • Means “recite”

  13. The Five Pillars

  14. 1. Shahada Faith: “There is no god but Allah and Muhammad is his prophet”

  15. 2. Salaat Prayer: said five times each day, facing Mecca, in Arabic

  16. 3. Zakat Charity: Give to those in need and in turn receive purity and growth Creates an economic balance in Islamic society – in theory no overly poor and/or starving population

  17. 4. Ramadan Fasting: no food, drink, or sexual relations during this month from sun up to sundown It brings self-purification and discipline to the individual

  18. 5. Haj A pilgrimage to Mecca that every Muslim should attempt once in his or her lifetime (as long as he/she is physically and financially able to make the trip)

  19. Islam.. • Religion is a way of life • Role of women • Islamic Law = shari’ah

  20. Islamic Worship

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