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Chapter 5 Political Development

“ Baltic Way ”: 20 years on. Chapter 5 Political Development. Vello Pettai, Aine Ramonaite, Daunis Auers. Objective. to compare in broad terms the path of political development in the Baltic states five sub-chapters

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Chapter 5 Political Development

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  1. “Baltic Way”: 20 years on Chapter 5Political Development Vello Pettai, Aine Ramonaite, Daunis Auers

  2. Objective • to compare in broad terms the path of political development in the Baltic states • five sub-chapters • general democratic development, political landscape, political culture, civil society + social capital, e-governance • no pre-determined narrative • ‘democratic consolidation’ too simple • ‘quality of democracy’ more complicated

  3. 1. General democratic dvlpmnt • constitutional stability and change • the demos: citizenship and non-citizens • adoption of constitutions, constitutional regimes, any amendments & crises (e.g. Paksas) • overview of judicial review mechanisms and their influence • government stability and effectiveness • government turnout, duration • legislative output and performance • presidency • overview of major democracy indices • Freedom House, Nations in Transit, Bertelsman, etc.

  4. 2. Political landscape • electoral trends • shifts between left/right, post-communist/nationalist, other cleavages • effective number of electoral and parliamentary parties • parties and party development • evolution of the party landscape: new parties, disappearance of old ones • broad ‘left-right’ cleavage trends, social support bases • party structures • party organization, candidate trends • party financing

  5. 3. Political culture • participation and representation • electoral participation, voting patterns • referenda and referendum initiatives • attitudinal indicators • regime support, political values, post-materialism • corruption • general indicators (Transparency Intl, other surveys) • political developments (important scandals, intl. conventions, Latvian KNAB and other oversight authorities)

  6. 4. Civil society & social capital • structural patterns • nrs of NGOs, other organizations, etc. • participatory trends • measures of social capital and levels of participatory activity • protest activity • consultative structures • formalized structures, e.g. Estonian Civil Society Development Concept, electronic portals, etc.

  7. 5. E-governance • E-government • general outlines of e-administration • E-participation and e-representation • e-voting and e-consultation platforms, etc, including usage figures • E-democracy and the public sphere • the impact of electronic media on public debate and politics: blogs, policy portals (politika.lv, etc)

  8. Conclusions: very tentative • party system stabilization • corruption issues • values & political support • quality of the public sphere

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