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Understanding Radicalisation – What is it?

Understanding Radicalisation – What is it?. Mark Dechesne Leiden University –Campus The Hague. fbi most wanted terrorists captured or killed. The Psychologies of Terrorism. Dechesne: Psychology of Mass Violence. Networks (e.g. Lochard 2004). Idea. Idea. Psychohistory.

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Understanding Radicalisation – What is it?

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  1. Understanding Radicalisation – What is it? Mark Dechesne Leiden University –Campus The Hague

  2. fbi most wanted terrorists captured or killed

  3. The Psychologies of Terrorism

  4. Dechesne: Psychology of Mass Violence

  5. Networks (e.g. Lochard 2004) Idea Idea

  6. Psychohistory

  7. Psychological Factors Contributing to Jihadist Radicalisation and Terrorism

  8. 1973

  9. Maktab al-Khidamat

  10. Idea Idea

  11. Idea: Jihad • internal (combating nominally Muslim regimes considered impious) • irredentist (fighting to redeem land ruled by non-Muslims or under occupation) • global (combating the West)

  12. Gulbuddin Hekmatyar • Born in Kunduz province, 1947 • 1970’s Studies at Military Academy and Engineering department at Kabul and becomes devoted to the radical political Islam • Is forced to go to Pakistan, where he obtains support from Pakistan and the West • Plays a lead role in the war against the Soviets • Becomes president of Afghanistan in the 1990’s • Taliban ousts and exils him, but Hekmatyar later joins the fight against ISAF after 2001.

  13. Osama Bin Laden • 1957: Born in a very wealthy family in Saudi Arabia • Studies economy, but has a strong interest in Koranic studies • Goes to Afghanistan to join Abdul Azzam to erect the Afghan Service Bureau

  14. John Walker Lindh • Born in 1981 in Californa • Becomes socially isolated during adolescence • Discovers Malcolm X as a source of inspiration • Travels to Pakistan and eventually joins to Taliban

  15. Ajmal Kasab • Born in Pakistan in 1987 • Is involved in petty crime in Lahore • Discovers Lashkar-e-Taiba

  16. Mehdi Nemmouche

  17. Syria-Goers and Comers • Redouan al-Issar and the Hofstad network • Different types: Ideologues, veterans, criminals, idealists, lost souls • Vertical and Horizontal influence

  18. What is a radical?

  19. Are they …. Crazy?*

  20. Are they …. Crazy?* • Psychology of Terrorism, Principle 1: There is no such thing as a terrorist psychopathology, nor as a terrorist personality * e.g. Kruglanski and Dechesne, 2007

  21. Are they …. Muslim?* Analysis of Survey Data in 12 Arab Countries, Indonesia and Pakistan shows that Support for Insurgency is most strongly related to religion * Fishman, Orehek, Dechesne, & Kruglanski. (2008)

  22. Honor Dedication to the leader Social status Narcissism Personal significance Pain and personal loss Group pressure Humiliation Injustice Vengeance Feminism Humiliation Exposure to violence Occupation Lack of alternative prospects Displacement Restoration of the glory of Islam Poverty Moral obligation Need to belong Heaven Simplification of life Inspirational leadership Friendship Status Glamour Money Support for one’s family A Plethora of Causes* * Kruglanski, Chen, Dechesne, Fishman, and Orehek (2008)

  23. Dechesne: Psychology of Mass Violence

  24. Mark Dechesne – Leiden University Campus The Hague m.dechesne@cdh.leidenuniv.nl

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