Phonics Programme Strategic School Improvement Fund Round 1

1. Phonics ProgrammeStrategic School Improvement FundRound 1 September 2017 to July 2019

2. Welcome, introductions and overview of the Launch Jenny Violette Phonics Programme Director Sarah Frame Director Excalibur TSA

3. “ Phonics is a load of rubbish. I learnt to read without it.” Direct quote from a parent.

4. Why Phonics? It helps develop speech It supports the recognition of the sounds of letters of the alphabet It supports spelling Supports reading fluency (reading text accurately) Improves reading comprehension – if you can’t pronounce it you can’t understand it Develops confidence

5. “The evidence is clear […] that direct systematic instruction in phonics during the early years of schooling is an essential foundation for teaching children to read. […] Moreover, where there is unsystematic or no phonics instruction, children’s literacy progress is significantly impeded, inhibiting their initial and subsequent growth in reading accuracy, fluency, writing, spelling and comprehension.” Australian national inquiry into the teaching of literacy

6. Reading for pleasure Phonics builds on and develops early speaking and listening skills It contributes to language acquisition Children will ‘speak’ their favourite stories before reading them When they can read with fluency they will develop a love of reading

7. South West Priority: Phonics (maths, EYFS, oracy, literacy, leadership, disadvantaged) Stubborn challenge: The progress and attainment of our most disadvantaged children 2016/17 National Results Y1: Expected standard or above All pupils: 81% Non-FSM: 84% FSM: 68% Promoting phonics mastery and reducing the attainment gap in the SW

9. challengelearninspiregrowbloom Why phonics?Breaking the code. Nicola Bloom

10. What do we mean by phonics? • English operates on an alphabetic system; that is, 26 symbols (the letters of the alphabet) represent approximately 44 sounds, singly and in combination. • We can learn to recognise these symbols, singly and in combination, and assign sounds to them in order to read (grapheme-phoneme correspondence) • We can learn to segment words into sounds and identify the correct symbols in order to spell (phoneme-grapheme correspondence) challengelearninspiregrowbloom

11. challengelearninspiregrowbloom

12. challengelearninspiregrowbloom

13. Breaking the code We are so used to recognising words almost instantly, we don’t realise what we’re doing. So if p= /p/ a = /a/ t= /t/ what does pat say? We even call it “decoding”. challengelearninspiregrowbloom

14. Problems? giant, gnaw, get, thing jet, bridge you, sky, pretty rough, though, through... challengelearninspiregrowbloom

15. Too many sounds... English is not “biunique” – that is, the same grapheme can represent different phonemes, and the same phoneme can be represented by different graphemes. This makes breaking the code a bit harder One advantage – we have lots of possible spellings for neologisms, to distinguish them from existing words! bite - byte - bight challengelearninspiregrowbloom

16. But we seem to manage – how?In reading... challengelearninspiregrowbloom

17. And writing... What does this say? ghoti and why can’t it really say that? challengelearninspiregrowbloom

18. Why phonics? • So if there are other “clues” in reading and writing, why are we focusing on phonics? • Because phonics is the most reliable way of getting the words off the page to start with. • And getting started is important. challengelearninspiregrowbloom

19. Cause and effect? challengelearninspiregrowbloom 89% of those children reaching the expected phonics standard in Y1 reached the expected standard in reading in Y2 31% were working at a greater depth within the expected standard Of those who reached the phonics standard only in Y2, only 36% were working at the expected standard in reading, and 2% working at greater depth. 54% were working towards the expected standard in reading.

20. Why phonics? Findings from research Systematic phonics programs significantly more effective than non-systematic or no phonics programs. Systematic phonics programs significantly more effective when given in kindergarten or first grade Systematic phonics programs led to better reading comprehension in younger children National Reading Panel 2000 challengelearninspiregrowbloom

21. Why phonics? Findings from research “Systematic phonics instruction within a broad literacy curriculum was found to have a statistically significant positive effect on reading accuracy.“ Torgerson, Brooks and Hall, 2006 “The use of a systematic phonics programme is supported by very extensive evidence. Seven meta-analyses, which include studies of 5-7 year old pupils have consistently demonstrated the impact of phonics on early reading.” Improving literacy in key stage 1 Guidance Report EEF But why? challengelearninspiregrowbloom

22. This is because? challengelearninspiregrowbloom

23. This is because... Studies of young readers who haven’t acquired knowledge of the alphabet show that they attend to irrelevant and unhelpful features to recall words, which will not work consistently. Other examples include the “ll” in ‘ball’ and the dot in ‘television’. Knowing grapheme-phoneme correspondences gives you a consistent mnemonic. challengelearninspiregrowbloom

24. The Simple View of Reading

25. printed word Lexical route Non-lexical route letter identification orthographic store grapheme‒phoneme conversion system semantic store phonological store The dual-route model phonemeunits spoken word

26. This is because... To be recognised speedily on sight, words have to be in the reader’s “mental lexicon” – you have to know the word before you can read it. Getting a word into the mental lexicon requires a consistent mnemonic method; you can’t memorise the look of every word (and you might not have a thumbprint to help you!) challengelearninspiregrowbloom

27. Findings from research Learning to recognise sounds in words (phonemes) and the letters that make them helps fix orthographic knowledge in the brain. (Once you know a particular grapheme-phoneme correspondence you recognise it in other words; you have to pay less and less attention to it until it becomes an automatic response.) Share, 1995 (and more recently); Stuart, 2006a, 2006b; Savage and Stuart, 2006; Ehri 1999 challengelearninspiregrowbloom

28. In other words... the better you get at recognising letters and letter patterns and the sounds the letters make the bigger your mental lexicon gets so you recognise more words more quickly (because the lexical and non-lexical routes are both working efficiently) the more words you know, the better you are at reading. challengelearninspiregrowbloom

29. The importance of early decoding success in reading The earlier children become fluent decoders, the more time and cognitive space they have to develop reading stamina a competent working memory a wide vocabulary comprehension skills and the more likely they are to read for pleasure. challengelearninspiregrowbloom

30. The purpose of phonics... ...is to move from /c/ /a/ /t/ to

31. About the phonics programme  Sian Kinder – Director Nexus TSA Sarah Frame – Director Excalibur TSA

32. Phonics Strategic School Improvement Fund Board Phonics Central Hub Excalibur TSA Programme Director Bath Spa University Best Practice Wiltshire LA S Glouc LA Bristol LA Swindon LA S Wilts Hub Pickwick Salisbury 4 SLEs W Wilts Hub Pickwick Corsham 4 SLEs N Wilts Hub Excalibur TSA 3 SLEs Nexus Hub 5 SLEs Swindon Hub 5 SLEs 7 Schools 7 Teacher and 7 Teaching Assistant Phonics Champions 14 Schools 14 Teacher and 14 Teaching Assistant Phonics Champions 14 Schools 14 Teacher and 14 Teaching Assistant Phonics Champions 10 Schools 10 Teacher and 10 Teaching Assistant Phonics Champions 8 Schools 8 Teacher and 8 Teaching Assistant Phonics Champions

33. What the programme aims to achieve in the classroom Improving the quality of phonics teaching and provision Improve outcomes for pupils particularly Yr1 phonics screener Upskill practitioners and provide professional development Sharing knowledge and information in as many ways as possible Develop a model of school-to-school support that is sustainable and replicable

34. The role of the SLE in the programme 1.5 days 2017/18 and 1.5 days 2018/19 Outstanding current practitioners recognised for their expertise Bespoke to school context and needs Possible activities include: audits, learning walks and observations, assessment and tracking, gap analysis and planning, model lessons, team teaching, subject knowledge, interventions and catch up, embedding phonics across the curriculum, individualised support and coaching, developing leadership

35. SLT Extent to which phonics is understood to be a whole school responsibility Engagement of SLT in ensuring high quality phonics Allowing phonics champion to observe practice Opportunities to cascade training Developing leadership capacity

36. Impact so far…

37. Module 1: Understanding and teaching phonics Nicola Bloom Module 3: The role of the phonics champion Sian Kinder

38. Module 1:Understanding and teaching phonics • Understand what is meant by phonics and why it is important as the way in to reading • Explore what makes good phonics teaching and some “non-negotiables” • Feel confident to train others in these aspects • What’s phonics for? • What do we mean by phonics? • Why phonics works • Making it work in school and the classroom • Phonics into reading and writing • Some non-negotiables

39. Module 3: Impact of the phonics championPutting it into practice in the classroom • What does good practice look like • Embedding phonics across the whole curriculum • Role of the phonics champion in leading • Practical tips and strategies from practitioners • Avoiding common pitfalls • Opportunities to apply phonics throughout the day • Pace and milestones • Challenge and support • Using assessment • Taking the phonics screener

40. Module 2:Making Phonics Inclusive Deborah Nicholson Emily Phipps-Morgan Bath Spa University

41. Good practice in teaching reading Reading is not just pronouncing written words. Children who become avid and accomplished readers focus on making sense from the start: they develop a habit of mind that expects the words they decode to make sense. Dombey et al, (2010) Teaching Reading: what the evidence says

43. Supporting EAL learners with reading Systematic phonics instruction can enable second language learners to acquire word recognition and decoding skills in their second language to a relatively high level, despite the fact that their knowledge of the second language is still limited. These decoding skills, however, do not automatically generalize to reading comprehension or other aspects of second language proficiency. (Cummins, 2001)

44. Children who experience difficulty with reading What works most successfully: Work on phonological skills embedded within a range of contexts which have meaning as the priority Comprehension skills directly targeted Children’s self esteem is developed - seeing themselves as readers Reading carefully modelled by the teacher Reading assistants/volunteers given appropriate training and support Interventions do not last too long - not more than a term Expectations are high UKLA (2015)

47. Games Book-based reading games • Using familiar patterned language from the text • Requiring children to look for visual patterns and use phonics skills within a meaningful game • Encouraging collaboration, talk and listening Games focused on particular phonemes • Using and applying phonic knowledge • Playing simple games in a group or pair

50. Assessing pupils’ progress Sian Kinder – Head of Nexus TSA