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Cause: Excitement and Dangers of Exploration---The Thrill

Cause: Excitement and Dangers of Exploration---The Thrill. Excitement and Adventure. The exploratory motives were based on the desire to explore the unknown or uncharted territories. They wanted to conduct scientific research.

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Cause: Excitement and Dangers of Exploration---The Thrill

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  1. Cause: Excitement and Dangers of Exploration---The Thrill

  2. Excitement and Adventure • The exploratory motives were based on the desire to explore the unknown or uncharted territories. • They wanted to conduct scientific research. • They wanted to conduct medical searches for the causes and treatments of disease. • They wanted to go on an adventure and investigate the unknown lands and cultures aka like Indiana Jones.

  3. DAVID LIVINGSTONE (1813-1873) • Scottish missionary • 1841-1873 – lived in central Africa • Explored Africa • Named Lake Victoria after the British queen • Converted many Africans to Christianity • Wrote books on Africa which piqued foreign interest • 1871 – reported “lost” • “Found” by Henry Stanley • “Dr. Livingstone, I presume?”

  4. Cause: Industrial Revolution and New Technology Definitions and Key Characteristics and Examples

  5. New Technology • 1787: Steam engine in boats • 1804: Steam engine in locomotives • 1820: Quinine from cinchona tree bark • 1837: Electric telegraph • 1855: Bessemer process making steel • A more constant and forceful source of power than sails or horses; powered ships and railroads • Treatment for malaria • Communication over long distances • Quicker and cheaper method for making steel that is lighter and more durable than iron

  6. New Technology • 1884: Maxim Gun • Late 1800s: Repeating Rifle • First machine gun---military more lethal and faster • A faster loading gun that was able to fire multiple shots more accurately than older muskets

  7. Cause: Economic Reasons Definitions and Key Characteristics

  8. Entrepreneurial Colonization Raw Materials • To gather, export natural resources, European entrepreneurs developed own mines, plantations, trade routes • Entrepreneurs sometimes called on home countries to protect economic interests from European competitors • In this way, drive for colonization came from ambitious individuals, not just European governments • Before early 1800s, several European nations profited from slave trade in Africa • After some nations passed laws abolishing slave trade, Europeans looked to Africa as source for raw materials • Materials like coal, metals needed to manufacture goods during Industrial Revolution • Needs fueled Europeans’ desire for land with natural resources—available in Africa Economic Interests

  9. Cecil Rhodes: An Example • Went to South Africa in 1871 and by 1889 he controlled 90% of the world’s diamond production • Also gained a healthy stake in the gold market • Served as prime minister of the British Cape Colony from 1890-1896 and saw the Cape Colony as a base of operations for the extension of British control to all of Africa

  10. Pair-Share Activity: • Cecil Rhodes was a famous British imperialist: • “We must find new lands from which we can easily obtain raw materials and at the same time exploitthe cheap slave labor that is available from the natives of the colonies. The colonies would also provide a dumping ground for the surplus goods produced in our factories.” • 1. How does this quote support the economic motives?

  11. Cause: Political, Militarism, and Nationalism Definitions and Key Characteristics

  12. Nationalism • Nations believed that others would respect them more if they had colonies. • They saw a chance of gaining bigger armies. • Since navies were important, they needed places to stop and fuel their ships (islands became very important). • Large armies, large navies, fueling stations, and competition over colonies would eventually lead to war.

  13. Pair-Share Activity • Cecil Rhodes “I think what [God] would like me to do is paint as much of Africa British Red as possible.” • 1. How does this quote represent the motive of nationalism?

  14. Pair-Share Activity • Raymond Aron in The Century of Total War in 1954 wrote: “None of the colonial undertakings were motivated by the quest for capitalist profits; they all originated in political ambitions…the nation’s will to power…or glory or national greatness.” • 1. How is this quote an example of the growing sense of Nationalism in Europe at that time?

  15. Cause: Racism and Social Darwinism Definitions and Key Characteristics

  16. Western (White Europeans) Inventive Scientific Rational Self-Controlled Democratic Civilized Economically Progressive Moral Christian Independent Eastern (Non-whites, Non-European) Ignorant Irrational Superstitious Lazy Childlike Savage Dependent The Social-Darwin Differences

  17. Pair-Share Activity • How do each of the following primary sources represent the racist and Social Darwinist views of the Europeans? Explain.

  18. Racism Primary Source Quote: • British Professor argued in 1900: “The path of progress is strewn with the wrecks of nations; traces are everywhere to be seen of the slaughtered remains of inferior races. Yet these dead people are, in very truth, the stepping stones on which mankind has arisen to the higher intellectual and deeper emotional life of today.”

  19. Cause: Religion and Humanitarianism Definitions and Key Characteristics

  20. “Civilizing” Mission • Over the decades they set up hundreds of Christian missions and preached to thousands of Africans and Asians • The missionaries believed that Christianity and Western civilization together would benefit and transform the world • They believed that, in order to become “civilized”, the people of Africa and Asia would have to reject their old religions and convert to Christianity

  21. Pair-Share Activity • African Proverb: “When the whites came to our country, we had the land and they had the Bible; now we have the Bible and they have the land.” • 1. What does this proverb reveal about the African’s perception of the Religious Humanitarian motive for Imperialism?

  22. Pair-Share Activity • How does the King Leopold quote represent the white culture “civilizing” view of the Europeans? Explain. • Refer to next slide.

  23. King Leopold on Civilizing Mission Primary Source • “To open civilization the only part of our globe where it has not penetrated, to pierce the darkness which envelops whole populations, is a crusade, if I may say so, a crusade worthy of this century of progress.”

  24. Pair-Share Activity • Cecil Rhodes in Confession of Faith in 1877 wrote: “I contend that we are the first race in the world, and the more we inhabit, the better it is for the human race…It is our duty to seize every opportunity of acquiring more territory and we should keep this one idea steadily before our eyes that more territory simply means more of the Anglo-Saxon race, more of the best, the most human, most honourable race the world possesses.” • 1. How does this quote represent the “Civilizing Mission” motive? • 2. How does this quote also represent the Social Darwinist motive? • 3. How might a native African react to this statement?

  25. The Result of European Imperialism http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/1907powr.htm

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