Journal Entry

1. Journal Entry • What does it take to be a successful business man? What qualities/traits are needed and why? Can you be a nice person and a rich person…

2. Urbanization and ImmigrationHow did the US switch from farming to industry? Goal 5 US History

3. US Switch from Agriculture to Industry • Post Civil War – US becomes leader in _____ Why? • Lots of Natural Resources – such as… • Govt support for ______ • Growing ______ Population • We need what type of people?

4. Let’s start with the resources • Black Gold – originally just used for kerosene – what about the oil? • Edwin Drake – First to _____ for oil • Steel – combination of Iron and alloys • Henry Bessemer – developed process called _____ cheaply turned iron into steel – how?

6. Impacts of the Bessemer Process: - railroad improvements – creation of _________ - skyscrapers - _________ bridges – why? Brooklyn Bridge 1883

7. More Inventions… • Thomas Edison – invented the ______ • How did that change things? • Christopher Scholes – invented the _____ • How did that change things? • Alexander Graham Bell – invented the ____ • How did that change things?

9. Invented the _______ for the RR, 1869 Transformed the RR for more safe, dependable travel George Westinghouse

10. Robber Barons or Philanthropist? • Andrew Carnegie • Scottish immigrant • Works for ____ and gets paid with _____ • Owns Carnegie Steel – Largest steel company in the world • What did he do with his $$ • 80-90% Given Away

11. Robber Barons or Philanthropist? • John Rockefeller • Owner of Standard Oil • Controlled 90% of Oil industry • How did he do business? • What did he do with his money? • Gave ____ away

13. What does this picture mean? Who is this guy?

14. How were they able to do it?? • Vertical and Horizontal Integration • Example… • Govt. had policy of ______ • Believed in the idea of _________ • Allowed Trusts, mergers, _______ • Were they all that bad? • Gospel of Wealth • Rich people should ______

15. How do we Respond?? • 1890 Sherman Anti-Trust Act • What is a Trust… • Difficult to enforce why? • Remember the Railroads • Charging high amounts… • Promontory Point – what happened? • New Cities – Chicago, Minneapolis • Credit Mobilier – what did they do?

16. 2 Job Offers… • George Pullman - built ____ cars • What was special about his town? • Rules, rules, and more rules—why? • Lead to many _______

17. Fight the Power cont… Yeah boyz!! • The Grange takes legal action • Govt made Granger Laws • Set ___ prices • RR’s sued in Munn v. Illinois • What was determined by local court? • Then the SC said could not regulate ______ travel • ______ passes Interstate Commerce Act – why? • SC then rules it can’t set ____ rates…

18. Life’s not just bad for Farmers… • Another job offer • 12 Hr day – 6 days a week • No ____ or ____ • Very Low Pay • Job Safety • What type of job is this? Just kidding!

19. Working – not just for adults • Child Labor- 20% of boys and 5% of girls under 15 had full time jobs

20. More Unions . . . • American Railways Union – Eugene Debs (remember him) combined skilled and ___ • Wanted Socialism • Industrial Workers of the World • IWW – allowed AA’s-why?

21. Strikes as a Tactic • Great Strike of 1877 • Railroads – b/c of wages • What happens? • Haymarket Affair • Police hurt protester-why? • What happens next? • Strikes become ______ • Mary Harris Jones • “Mother Jones” fights for?

22. Women involved too! • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory • Workers forced to work in _____ • Fire kills 146 – What happens as a result?

23. Immigration and Urbanization • What do you think our immigration policy should be?? • What will happen to our cities?? • What good/bad can come from this??

24. Everybody’s Coming to America • Between 1870 – 1920, ____ came from? • Why did people come to America? • Famine • Land Shortages • Avoid _______ persecution • 1851 – 1883, 300,000 from ____ • Expecting Gold but what really happens…

25. Ellis and Angel Island • Journey – 1 Week from Europe - 3 Weeks from Asia • What were the conditions like? • Europeans arrived at Ellis Island • Asians arrived at Angel Island

26. Melting Pot vs. Nativism • Many Americans believe that our country has turned into a melting pot —the blending of different cultures • Other believe that we are still practicing Nativism —the favoring of native born Americans • What does this speech tell us…

27. Ellis Island 98% Were allowed in Health Exam Document Check Working Ability Literacy Test Angel Island 3 Week Process Health Exam Job Proof Literacy Test Filthy Building Which One Do You Want? Easy for Europeans - Awful for Asians

28. Land of Free and Equality – Right? • Nativism – grew in the US – why? • Which races were accepted… • Anti-Jewish, Anti-Catholic, Anti-Asian • Chinese Exclusion Act – banned entry for all Chinese (well sort of) • Gentleman’s Agreement – SF segregated schools – Japs upset so they stop ______

29. You’re in America now act American • Americanization Movement – tried to teach American ways (assimilation) • Social Gospel Movement – Reformers (WWWW) established Settlement Homes • Classes in how to be ______ • Jane Addams set up ______

30. You’re Here Now What?? • Immigrants moved into ____ why? ? • Problems they faced • Housing Called ________ • Sanitation… • Running Water… • Garbage… • Building Codes…

31. Problems, Problems, Problems… • All the immigrants crowded into ____ • Cities saw an increase in _____ • Fires increased in cities for several reasons • ______ had the first paid fire department

32. Political Machines • Organized groups that controlled a city • Offered services in exchange for _______ • Examples – 2 different ways • Organization very similar to _______ • Captains, Ward Boss, Political Boss (who were they)

33. I’ll scratch your backyou scratch mine! • Helped immigrants obtain • Citizenship – why? • Jobs – why? • Boss Tweed – Boss of Tammany Hall • Offered Services in NYC • Built a courthouse – said it cost ____ but really cost _____ - what’s that called? • How did he get caught? • Who did it? Results…

34. Civil Service and Patronage • Patronage – same things as _____ • People who liked this called stalwarts • Reformers wanted change to merit system • Rutherford B Hayes – Elected President • Named independents to cabinet – fired corrupt officials – angered _____

35. More Presidents… • Garfield runs as a _____ • VP Chester Arthur was a _____ • Charles Guiteau shoots Garfield – why? • Arthur as a stalwoops • Changes to reformer once president • Institutes the Pendleton Civil Service Act-does what? I am a stalwart and Arthur is now president!

36. The Great Melting Pot? • 2 ways of thinking—Melting Pot or Nativism • Your assignment: • Part 1—Looking at immigration at the turn of the century find 2 examples that support the theory of turning America into a melting pot, and find 2 examples of Nativism being practiced. Use laws or movements as supports and explain what they were/who believed • Part 2—Write a 1 page essay to defend or refute the theory that America is a melting pot of cultures today. Think about your everyday life, laws, or movements.