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The Roman Republic 509 B.C.E. – 476 C.E.

The Roman Republic 509 B.C.E. – 476 C.E. Mr. Kelley Western Civilization and Geography. The Geography of Rome. Italy in 750 BCE. Rome: Importance. “Successor” to Greece “Carrier” of Greek civilization Political model for later Europe Measure of success for nations and individuals

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The Roman Republic 509 B.C.E. – 476 C.E.

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  1. The Roman Republic 509 B.C.E. – 476 C.E. Mr. Kelley Western Civilization and Geography

  2. The Geography of Rome

  3. Italy in 750 BCE

  4. Rome: Importance • “Successor” to Greece • “Carrier” of Greek civilization • Political model for later Europe • Measure of success for nations and individuals • Model for later monarchies • Model for later, mixed constitutions • Great Britain, U.S., etc. • Model for most European legal systems • Model for the concept of citizenship

  5. Government: Republic

  6. The Roman Republic(509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) • 509 B.C., Romans rejected Etruscan king (monarchy) and established a republic. • Power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. • In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born male citizens. Roman Senate Floor - Marble came from all over Roman Empire

  7. The Roman Republic(509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) STRUGGLE FOR POWER: CLASS CONFLICT • Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most of the power: inherited power and social status • Plebeians- (Plebs) common farmers, artisans and merchants who made up the majority of the population: can vote, but can’t rule • Tribunes- elected representatives who protect plebeians’ political rights.

  8. The Roman Republic(509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) A “Balanced” Government • Rome elects two consuls– one to lead army, one to direct government • Senate- chosen from patricians (Roman upper class), make foreign and domestic policy • Popular assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for plebeians (commoners) • Dictators- leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis (appt. by consuls and senate)

  9. Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians)

  10. See Chart: Comparing Republican Governments • What similarities do you see in the governments of the Roman Republic and the United States? • What do you think is the most significant difference between the Roman Republic and that of the United States today?

  11. The Roman Republic(509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) THE TWELVE TABLES • 451 B.C., officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets and hung in Forum. • Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law • Become the basis for later Roman law

  12. Military Organization:The Roman Army

  13. The Roman Army • All citizens were required to serve • Army was powerful: • Organization & fighting skill • Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)

  14. Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south Treatment of Conquered: Forge alliances Offer citizenship By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula Rome Spreads its Power

  15. Rome’s Commercial Network • Rome establishes a large trading network • Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes • Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome

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