The English, American & French Revolutions Wednesday 11/2

1. The English, American & French RevolutionsWednesday 11/2 • Objective: • Show how the ideas of the Enlightenment inspired the English Revolution • Warm-Up: • English Revolution Reading guide. Textbook page 614. • Agenda: • Discuss Revolutions Project • Work on English Revolution Activity • Homework: ALL DUE MONDAY 11/7 • Revolutions: Reading Guides (all 3; English, American & French) • Revolutions Project (all 3 activities; English, American, French) • QUIZ: Revolutions

2. The English, American & French RevolutionsThursday 11/3 • Objective: • Show how the ideas of the Enlightenment inspired the American Revolution • Warm-Up: • Review American Revolution Activities. Share examples. • Agenda: • American Revolution Reading Guide (pg 640) • American Revolution Activity • Homework: ALL DUE MONDAY 11/7 • Revolutions: Reading Guides (all 3; English, American & French) • Revolutions Project (all 3 activities; English, American & French) • QUIZ: Revolutions

3. The English, American & French RevolutionsFriday 11/4 • Objective: • Show how the ideas of the Enlightenment and the American Revolution inspired the French Revolution. • Warm-Up: • Review French Revolution Activities. Share examples. • Agenda: • French Revolution Reading Guide • French Revolution Activity • Homework: ALL DUE MONDAY 11/7 • Revolutions: Reading Guides (all 3; English, American, French) • Revolutions Project (all 3, English, American, French) • QUIZ: Revolutions

4. The French Revolution, Overview CausesRevolutionEffects 1) Social Estates General End of French Inequality Meeting Monarchy 2) Absolute Violent Global Spread of Monarchy Revolution Revolution 3) Economy Robespierre’s Napoleon Reign of Terror conquers Europe

5. 1st Estate: Clergy. .5% of Population, owned 10% of land in France. Paid no taxes The Estate System 2nd Estate: Nobility. 1.5% of Population, owned 25% of land in France. Paid almost no taxes 3rd Estate: Everyone else, from middle class to peasants. 98% of Population. Paid almost all of the taxes

7. Analyze this cartoon in light of what you’ve just learned about the Estates System in Pre-Revolution France • Which estate is which? Why? • What is this cartoonists point of view? • Which estate might the cartoonist be a member of?

8. Revolution

9. What does that word mean? • a drastic and far-reaching change in ways of thinking and behaving; the overthrow of a government by those who are governed

10. The English, American & French RevolutionsThursday 4/7 • Objective: • Show how the ideas of the Enlightenment inspired the English, American, and French Revolutions. • Warm-Up: • Turn to text book page 706. Answer questions 1 & 2 (comparing and contrasting) • Turn to text book page 708. Answer question 1 (skillbuilder: interpreting charts) • Turn to textbook page 709. Answer question to Political Cartoon, 1789. • Agenda: • Work on English, American, & French Revolution activities. • Homework: ALL DUE MONDAY 4/11 • Revolutions: Reading Guides • Revolutions Project • QUIZ: Revolutions

11. The French Revolution (Beginnings)

12. French Revolution • There was great unrest in France, caused by bad harvests, high prices, high taxes, and disturbing questions raised by the Enlightenment ideas of Locke, Rousseau, and Voltaire.

13. The Revolution Begins • Inequalities in the old (ancient) regime helped cause the French Revolution

14. The Old (ancient) Regime Old Regime: Social and political system of France during the 1770’s Estates: The three social classes of France’s old regime The Privileged Estates 1st Estate is the Catholic clergy, they are < 1% of population, own 10% of land, paid 2% taxes 2nd Estate, rich nobles, 2% of population, own 20% of land, no taxes The Old Order

15. The Third Estate • 97% of the people were peasants, workers, middle class or bourgeoisie= bankers, factory owners, merchants, etc.. • They had few privileges, paid heavy taxes, and wanted change. • Peasants- more than 80% of France’s 26 million people; paid about ½ their income in dues, tithes, and taxes

17. Factors that led to French Revolution Economic Troubles • Heavy burden taxes made it almost impossible to…. Conduct business profitably • Cost of living was ….rising sharply • Crop failures resulted in… severe shortage of grain/price of bread doubled/starvation • The extravagant spending of… Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette • Louis XVI inherited… debt from previous kings (think back; Louis XIV and the Palace of Versailles) • Louis XVI borrowed heavily in order to …. Help the American Revolutionaries

18. Size of Versailles: ¼ mile

19. Cost of Versailles is disputed by historians. Anywhere from $2 billion to $300 billion

20. Hall of Mirrors

21. The King’s Chapel

22. Who paid for the palace? Merci beaucoup!

23. Louis XVI: A Weak Leader • Louis’ poor decisions and lack of patience added to France’s problems • He called Estates General– meeting of representatives from all three estates • The Estates-General met for the first time in 175 years on May 5, 1789 at Versailles

24. Meeting of the Estates General • Each Estate had one vote • 3rd estate = 97% of population…1 vote • 2nd estate = 2% of population… 1 vote • 1st estate = <1% of population…1 vote Math Question: What’s the problem with this voting system? How do you think the Third Estate wanted votes to be counted?

26. Meeting of the Estates General • Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes suggested that the 3rd Estate delegates name themselves the National Assembly and pass laws and reforms in the name of the French people. • Members of the 3rd estate delegation (National Assembly) were locked out of meeting hall

27. The Tennis Court Oath • Members of the delegation swore an oath to stay in the indoor tennis court until they created new a constitution.

28. Storming the Bastille July 14th • Rumors circulated through Paris that Louis wanted to suppress the National Assembly • Mob attacked and seized Bastille killing guards on July 14, 1789

29. A Great Fear Sweeps France • Rumors and panic spread throughout France • Great Fear: attacks by peasants took place across France

30. Great Fear • Peasants were starving and left their homes • Price of bread rose • Rumors of government troops seizing peasants crops • Peasants panicked, attacked homes of nobles, destroyed feudal records, and stole grain

31. The Women’s March on Versailles • In October 1789, Parisian women revolted over the price of bread • They demanded action, forcing Louis XVI to return to Paris from Versailles

32. The National Assembly Reforms France • National Assembly adopted Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen • Reflected influence of… U.S. Declaration of Independence

33. Declaration of Independence “…all men are created equal” “…among these rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness” Declaration of Rights of Man “…all men remain free and equal in rights” “…rights of liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression” Declaration of Rights of Man vs. Declaration of Independence

34. DON’T FORGET! • Guaranteed citizens: equal justice, freedom of speech, freedom of religion • Both of these documents were heavily influenced by Enlightenment thinkers, especially John Locke

35. Slogan of the French Revolution “Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité” Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

37. National Assembly Reforms… continued • A State controlled church • National Assembly seized church lands, turned clergy into public officials • This action alarmed many peasants, who were Catholics

38. Louis Attempts to Escape • Louis XVI fled Paris in disguise. • He was caught & dragged back to Paris as a traitor

39. A Limited Monarchy • In September 1791, the National Assembly finished the constitution and created a limited constitutional monarchy. • They created a new body, the Legislative Assembly to create/pass laws.

40. Factions Split France • Major problems including debt and food shortages remained • Assembly split into Radicals, Moderates, & Conservatives • Radicals: • Sat: left • Opposed: ideas of monarchy • Wanted: major change Radical Conservative Moderate

41. The Radicals • Sans-culottes/ Jacobins • Literally those without culottes (short pants worn by the wealthy or nobility in France) • Lower class who wanted more change from the revolution

42. Moderates • Sat: Center • Wanted: Some changes

43. The Conservatives • Émigrés • Nobles who fled the country • Sat: right • Wanted: Limited monarchy • Wanted: few changes/the old regime back

44. WAR! • What caused Prussia to invade France? • Austrians and Prussians wanted Louis in charge of France • Radicals in charge of French revolutionary government declared war! • Prussian forces threatened Paris • The war went on from 1792 to 1815

45. Remember! • It’s long wars like that which made Europeans pursue the “Balance of Power”

47. Panic in Paris! • With Prussians threatening the capital, Parisian mobs jailed the royal family and killed their guards • The mob broke into prisons, killing over 1,000 people, including many who supported the king

48. The French Republic • Pressured by the mob, the Legislative Assembly deposed the king and then dissolved • In what way was the National Convention that took office in September 1792 more radical than the national assembly of September 1791? The National Convention abolished the monarchyand declared France a republic.

49. The Jacobins take control • The Jacobins were the radical political organization behind the changes made to the French government in 1792. • What happened on January 21, 1793? • After a close vote, Louis XVI was found guilty of treason & sentenced to death. Beheaded by the guillotine

50. The War continues • The French army won a great victory against Prussia and Austria • In 1793, Britain, Spain, & Netherlands joined Prussia and Austria against France.