APUSH

1. APUSH Tough Term Review

2. 2nd Continental Congress Convened in Philadelphia in 1775, they drew up the Olive Branch Petition, adopted the Declaration of the Causes and Necessity for Taking Up Arms, and signed the Declaration of Independence.

3. Antietam Union victory at the Civil War battle allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation; the costliest battle of the war in human casualties.

4. Specie Circular Andrew Jackson decision that land purchases must be paid for in gold not paper money.

5. Oliver Wendell Holmes U.S. justice of the Supreme Court known for his legal decisions in defense of freedom of speech including his ruling on “clear and present danger in the Schenk case; sat on the Supreme Court from 1902-1932.

6. George Catlin Self-taught romantic painter who devoted his life to painting and studying the Native American tribes.

7. James K. Polk President known for Manifest Destiny. During his presidency the U.S. gained Texas, Oregon, California, and the Mexican Session.

8. House of Burgesses 1st Legislative body in Colonial America.

9. John Winthrop He became the first governor of Massachusetts Bay colony. A Puritan with strong religious beliefs, he opposed democracy believing that the colony was best governed by a small group of skillful leaders.

10. John Hancock Led the rebellion in colonial Massachusetts along with Samuel Adams; served as President of the 2nd Continental Congress.

11. Thomas Paine Author of Common Sense & the Crisis.

12. Brinkmanship John Foster Dulles made this the foreign policy doctrine of the Eisenhower Presidency using a build-up of nuclear arms as a deterrent to Soviet agression.

13. Shay’s Rebellion Group of Massachusetts farmers protested state taxes. The incident causes concerns about the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, and would lead to the Constitutional Convention.

14. Missouri Compromise Congressional Agreement that for every free state admitted into the union, a slave state would also be admitted. Slavery would be prohibited in territories north of the 36o30 parallel.

15. Rachel Carson Wrote Silent Spring, a book that started the modern environmental movement.

16. Bacon’s Rebellion Colonial conflict in Virginia caused by the conflicting interest of the settled east coast & the frontier. Led to stronger slave codes.

17. Great Society Lyndon Johnson’s program to end poverty and promote Civil Rights in America.

18. Mary Harris Jones Irish born labor organizer who travelled from strike to strike helping organize workers and drawing public attention to their cause. Worked for the Knights of Labor, UMW, and IWW.

19. Mercantilism British imperial policy of controlling the colonial economies to the benefit of Great Britain by controlling imports and exports.

20. Eugene Debs President of the United Railway Union and the Socialist Party. Jailed for refusing to end the Pullman Strike.

21. Frank Lloyd Wright American architect who built his buildings to blend in with their natural surroundings.

22. Jacob Riis Muckraker and photojounalist who wrote How the Other Half Lives.

23. HUAC Group that investigated the communist infiltration of Hollywood in the late 40’s and early 50’s, leading to the blacklisting of many writers and directors.

24. Ludlow Strike that occurred at Rockefeller’s Colorado mine. An attack on the miners’ tent colony would lead to a congressional investigation.

25. Thomas Nast Political Cartoonist who brought down the Tweed Ring.

26. Watergate Presidential Scandal that brought about the resignation of Richard Nixon.

27. Iranian Hostage Crisis Foreign policy disaster that caused Jimmy Carter to lose his bid for re-election in1980.

28. League of Nations Woodrow Wilson’s plan to prevent future wars; part of the 14 points.

29. Ida B. Wells Barnett Founding member of the NAACP and the leader of the Anti-lynching Movement.

30. Nikita Khrushchev Leader of the Soviet Union during the building of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis.

31. Keynesian Economics FDR’s economic philosophy that was the basis of the New Deal; spend during a recession.

32. Jonathan Edwards Puritan leader of the Great Awakening; “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God.”

33. Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court decision that established the principle of Judicial Review.

34. Populist Party Third party active from 1890 to 1900 that represented the needs of the farmers.

35. Pinkertons Private detectives that were hired by owners to spy on union organizers and act as private armies against strikers; used at Homestead.

36. Muckrakers Progressive investigative journalists were called this.

37. J.P. Morgan Father of Wall Street who started investment banking.

38. John Peter Zenger The treason trial of this colonial newspaper publisher helped establish the principle of free speech.

39. Henry Clay Known as the Great Compromiser, as Speaker of the House he guided congressional legislation from 1811-1850. Led the passage of the American System.

40. Compromise of 1877 Republicans agreed to end reconstruction in order to have Rutherford B. Hayes chosen president in the disputed election between Hayes and Tilden.

41. Caesar Chavez Led the United Farm Workers Union in the Lettuce and Grape boycott of the late 1960’s; a major leader of the Chicano Movement.

42. William Jennings Bryan Failed 4 times to be elected President by the Populist and Democratic Parties. Famous for his “Cross of Gold” speech and his prosecution of the Scopes Trial.

43. Albany Plan Ben Franklin’s proposal for the colonies to join forces in the fight against the French in 1754. His “Join or Die” cartoon supported this proposal.

44. Samuel Gompers President of the AFL.

45. Roger Williams Founder of Rhode Island who was banished from Massachusetts. Sought religious freedom.

46. Mark Hanna Chairman of William McKinley’s campaign for the presidency; represented the Gild in Gilded Age politics.

47. Wagner Act New Deal law that recognized the right of workers to form unions.

48. Stephen Douglas He defeated Lincoln in the election for the Illinois senate seat. Author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

49. Morrill Land Act Post Civil War legislation for sale of western lands that set aside money to create state agriculture colleges such as K-State.

50. G.I. Bill Post WWII program to provide low interest government loans to soldiers to buy homes and start businesses; as well as fund a college degree.