Campus Response to Terrorism

1. Campus Response to Terrorism Security Coordinator Training

2. Course Goal • To prepare Security Coordinators to perform safely and effectively during terrorist related incidents on campus.

3. Course Structure • Introduction • The Terrorist Threat • Coordinated Response • Weapons of Mass Destruction • Personal Protection and Safety • Strategies and Tactics • Summary • Test

4. Phases of Action • Deterring-discourage/put off/daunt/dissuade/frighten • Preventing-stop/put off/avert/avoid/inhibit/nip in the bud • Preparing for-get ready/plan/get ready/practice • Responding to-rise to/meet/answer/reply

5. Terrorism • U.S Department of Homeland Security defines terrorism in the following manner: • A violent act or an act dangerous to human life, in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any segment to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives

6. Terrorism • U.S Department of Homeland Security defines terrorism in the following manner: • A violent act or an act dangerous to human life, in violation of the criminal laws of the United States or any segment to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives

7. Terrorism • The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines terrorism in the following manner: • The unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives

8. Terrorism • The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines terrorism in the following manner: • The unlawful use of force or violence against person or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives

9. Four Common Components • 1. Unlawful • 2. Involve force or violence • 3. For the furtherance of political or social objectives • 4. Intended to coerce a government or its civilians.

10. Two Types of Terrorism • Domestic- • Oklahoma City, 1995 • Summer Olympics, 1996

11. Two Types of Terrorism • Domestic- • Oklahoma City, 1995 • Summer Olympics, 1996 • International Terrorism- • World Trade Center, 1993 • WTC/Pentagon, Somerset County, 9/11/01

12. Domestic Terrorism • Right wing • Left Wing • Special Interest

13. Domestic Terrorism • Right wing • Based and operate entirely in the US and Puerto Rico. • No foreign direction • Acts directed at the U.S. Government or Citizens

14. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Gun Control • Apocalyptic Views • White Supremacy • Anti-government • Anti-taxation • Anti-abortion

15. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Survivalist • Paramilitary Training • To ensure the survival of the U.S. as a white, Christian, nation. • Many different groups have converged in recent years.

16. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Generally operate through political involvement • Most activity is verbal • Protected by First Amendment right • Freedom of Speech

17. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Most members are law-abiding citizens who have become intolerant of what they perceive to be violations of their constitutional rights.

18. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Desire to remove federal involvement from a host of issues. • Some do not identify themselves as U.S. citizen • Most refuse to pay federal income taxes

19. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Common attack tactics

20. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Common attack tactics • Improvised Explosive Devices • IED • Vehicle bombs • Pipe bombs • Letter Bombs

21. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Improvised Explosive Devices • IED • Vehicle bombs • Pipe bombs • Letter Bombs • Vary from small easy to make to very sophisticated.

22. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Common Targets • Offices of Government • Local • State • Federal

23. Right –wing Terrorist Groups • Common Targets • Personnel or Facilities involved in- • Assessing/Collecting Taxes • Providing Emergency Services • Prosecuting Criminal Activities • Military Recruitment

24. Domestic Terrorism • Left-wing Terrorist Groups • Profess a revolutionary socialist doctrine • View themselves as protectors of the American People against capitalism and imperialism

25. Left-wing Terrorist Groups • Aim to bring about a change in the U.S. and believe this can only be accomplished through revolution • Usually well orchestrated criminal actions • Do not operate or participate in the established political process

26. Left-wing Terrorist Groups • IED are their weapon of choice • Target • Military Facilities • Corporate Offices • Federal Buildings

27. Left-wing Terrorist Groups • Do not believe bombings will result in change, but are the tools to gain publicity. • Were the predominate terrorist threat in the 60’s – 80’s. • Dissolution of the Soviet Union deprived them of many of their coherent ideas, spiritual patrons, and funding. • Membership and support has waned

28. Left-wing Terrorist Groups • Dissolution of the Soviet Union- • Deprived them of many of their coherent ideas • Spiritual patrons • Funding • Membership and support has waned

29. Domestic Terrorism • Special Interest Terrorist Groups • Specific/Focused objectives • Attempt to force members of the general public to change their attitude about issues that the terrorist consider important.

30. Special Interest Terrorist Groups • Attempt to force members of the general public to change their attitude about issues that the terrorist consider important.

31. Special Interest Terrorist Groups • Attempt to force members of the general public to change their attitude about issues that the terrorist consider important. • Continue to present a threat that can emerge in our community at any time.

32. Special Interest Terrorist Groups • Targets – • Abortion Clinics • Animal Research • Logging • Any matter that may impact the environment

33. International Terrorist Groups • Foreign Based • Directed and Funded by countries or groups outside of the U.S. • Activities transcend national boundries

34. International Terrorist Groups • Three distinct categories- • State sponsored • Formalized Terrorist Groups • Loosely-affiliated Radical Extremist

35. State Sponsored • View terrorism as a tool of foreign policy • Generally rely on surrogates to conduct actual operations

36. Formalized Terrorist Groups • Autonomous • Own infrastructure, personnel, financial arrangements, and training facilities • Not affiliated with any specific country • Al Qaeda is among the most dangerous of these groups

37. Loosely-affiliated Radical Extremist • Neither surrogates of, nor strongly influenced by, any one nation • Tap into a variety of official and private resource bases to facilitate terrorist acts against U.S. interest

38. What makes the International Terrorist more dangerous than Domestic Terrorist? • Access to technology • Access to radiological material • Access to biological agents • Preferred method of delivery is suicide bombers

39. Potential Targets on Campus • Think in terms of probability

40. Potential Targets on Campus • Think in terms of probability A T T R A C T I V E

41. Target Attractiveness • Anticipated Extensive Media Coverage

42. Potential Targets on Campus • Think in terms of probability A T T R A C T I V E AVOIDANCE

43. Target Avoidance • Hardened or well protected targets are not likely to be selected • Vulnerable Targets are those where security measures are not likely to detect or neutralize an attack

44. Target Avoidance • Most Terrorist want to read about their handiwork in tomorrow’s headlines not be captured in the act. • A small percentage of terrorist are willing to die for their cause and will select targets regardless of the probability of getting caught

45. Target Selection • High Profile • High Impact • Economic Impact • Short term/ Long term

46. Potential Targets on Campus • Think in terms of probability A T T R A C T I V E SUCCESS AVOIDANCE

47. Campus/Local Roles and Responsibilities • Emergency Rescue/ Victim Recovery • Fire Suppression • Emergency Medical Treatment • Crime Scene Security • Initial Investigative Services • Notifications • Restoration of services

48. Local Resources • Support to School Board provided by local resources • Police Department • Fire Department • Emergency Medical Services • Medical Examiner • Public Information • City/Parish Attorney • Public Works

49. State Resources State Police National Guard Emergency Declarations

50. When State Resources would be deployed • Local authorities have a lack of resource capabilities to respond to or continue an effective response • Local authorities voluntarily relinquish control • Situation is being mishandled by local authorities • State law prescribes state level control