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Coquina – cemented aggregate of geologically modern shell fragments.

Coquina – cemented aggregate of geologically modern shell fragments. Fossiliferous limestone – a cemented aggregate of original shell fragments, molds, and casts of ancient marine organisms. Note fossil mold of a shell in this specimen.

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Coquina – cemented aggregate of geologically modern shell fragments.

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  1. Coquina – cemented aggregate of geologically modern shell fragments. Fossiliferous limestone – a cemented aggregate of original shell fragments, molds, and casts of ancient marine organisms. Note fossil mold of a shell in this specimen.

  2. Peat, a mass of matted together plant material covered by H2O, which impedes decay. H2 and O2 are lost, concentrating carbon. Lignite, so called “brown coal”, a soft coal that forms when peat is compressed and aged, about 40% carbon.

  3. Bituminous coal – soft coal formed when lignite is compacted and altered for millions of years, about 85% carbon, this coal is the most commonly mined and used for a fuel.

  4. Sedimentary Rock Features • Features in sedimentary rock that reflect the sedimentary environment. • Not found in other rock types. • Features: • Stratification • Fossils • Ripple marks & crossbeds • Mud cracks • Nodules, concretions & geodes

  5. Rock Stratification (layering) Bryce Canyon, UT Photo used with permission from Mike Jarvis, Naperville Central HS, Naperville, IL

  6. Ripple marks caused by wave action on the sandy bottom of a shallow bay Almost identical ripple marks on the surface of a sandstone millions of years old.

  7. Mud cracks in drying mud Mud cracks preserved on the bedding surface of a shale.

  8. Geode Thunder Egg Groundwater dissolves hollow spaces in sedimentary rock, typically limestone, and mineral material is deposited inside the hollow with crystal points growing toward the center.

  9. Cross-bedding at Checkerboard Mesa Zion National Park, UT Photo used with permission from Mike Jarvis, Naperville Central HS, Naperville, IL

  10. Dinosaur skeleton preserved in sedimentary rock - China Photo used with permission from Mike Jarvis, Naperville Central HS, Naperville, IL

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