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Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)

Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed). Chapter 15 Social Psychology Modified from: James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers. Social Psychology. Scientific study of how we think about, influence, & relate to one another Attribution Theory

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Myers’ EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed)

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  1. Myers’ EXPLORINGPSYCHOLOGY (6th Ed) Chapter 15 Social Psychology Modified from: James A. McCubbin, PhD Clemson University Worth Publishers

  2. Social Psychology • Scientific study of how we think about, influence, & relate to one another • Attribution Theory • Tendency to give causal explanation for someone’s behavior, often by crediting either situation or person’s disposition

  3. Attribution, Attitudes & Actions • Fundamental Attribution Error • Tendency for observers, when analyzing another’s behavior, to underestimate impact of situation & overestimate impact of personal disposition • Attitude • Belief & feeling that predisposes one to respond in particular way to objects, people & events

  4. Internal attitudes External influences Behavior Social Thinking • Our behavior is affected by our inner attitudes as well as by external social influences

  5. Social Thinking • Attitudes follow behavior • Cooperative actions feed mutual liking

  6. Actions & Attitudes • Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon • Tendency for people who have first agreed to small request to comply later with larger request • Role • Set of expectations about social position • Defines how those in position ought to behave

  7. Actions & Attitudes • Cognitive Dissonance Theory • When attitudes & actions do not coincide, experience tension • Act to reduce discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of thoughts (cognitions) inconsistent

  8. Asch’s Conformity Experiments • Informational Social Influence • Influence resulting from willingness to accept others’ opinions about reality

  9. Social Influence • Conformity • Adjusting one’s behavior or thinking to coincide with group standard • Conditions that strengthen (p547) • Normative Social Influence • Influence resulting from person’s desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval

  10. Milgram’s Obedience Experiments • Social influences can make people conform to falsehoods or do destructive things

  11. Group Influence • Social Facilitation • Improved performance of tasks in presence of others • Occurs with simple or well-learned tasks but not with difficult or not yet mastered tasks • Social Loafing • Tendency for people in group to exert less effort when pooling efforts toward common goal than when individually accountable

  12. Group Influence & Effects • Deindividuation • Loss of self-awareness & self-restraint in group situations that foster arousal & anonymity • Group Polarization • Enhancement of group’s prevailing attitudes through discussion within group • Groupthink • Occurs when desire for harmony in decision-making group overrides realistic appraisal of alternatives

  13. Social Relations • Prejudice • Unjustifiable (& usually negative) attitude toward group & members • Involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, & predisposition to discriminatory action • Aggression • Any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy

  14. Altruism • Bystander effect • Decision-making process for bystander intervention

  15. THE END

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