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The S keletal System

The S keletal System. Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d-RBe8JBVs. Functions of Bones 1.Support Form the internal framework of the body Ribcage supports the thoracic wall Legs support the torso. Functions of Bones - continued 2. Protection Bones protect soft body organs

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The S keletal System

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  1. The Skeletal System

  2. Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d-RBe8JBVs

  3. Functions of Bones • 1.Support • Form the internal framework of the body • Ribcage supports the thoracic wall • Legs support the torso

  4. Functions of Bones - continued • 2. Protection • Bones protect soft body organs • The Skull shields the brain • The Ribcage and shoulder girdle protects the heart and lungs

  5. Functions of Bones - continued • 3. Movement • Skeletal muscle attach to bones by tendons • The skeletal muscles use the bones as levers to produce locomotion

  6. Functions of Bones - continued • 4. Storage • The internal cavities of bone store fat • The matrix of bone tissue is a storage medium for minerals • They are found in the form of inorganic salts - two primary minerals: • Calcium • Phosphorus

  7. Functions of Bones - continued • 5. Blood Formation • Certain bones have marrow cavities which contain red marrow • red marrow is the site of hematopoiesis

  8. Classification of Bones

  9. Types of bone tissue Compact Spongy

  10. Types of bone tissue Compact http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4qTiw8lyYbs Spongy – no video available

  11. Classification of bone based on structure • Long • Short • Flat • Irregular

  12. Structure of a long bone Diaphysisis the main or midsection (shaft) of a long bone. It is made up of cortical bone and usually contains bone marrowane adipose tissue (fat). Periosteum -is a membrane that lines the outer surface of all bones, except at the joints of long bones. Endosteum lines the inner surface of all bones

  13. Perforating Fibers , also called Sharpey's fibers - are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of strongcollagenous fibers connecting periosteum to bone. • A good example is the attachment of the rotator cuff muscles to the blade of the scapula.

  14. Medullary Cavity – • is the central cavity of bone shafts where red (and/or yellow) bone marrow is stored; • Aka the marrow cavity. Located in the main shaft (cortical bone) of a long bone (diaphysis) (consisting mostly of compact bone), the medullary cavity has walls composed spongy bone (cancellous bone) and is lined with a thin, vascular membrane (endosteum)

  15. Red marrow is found in the interior of bones. • Red blood cells are produced in the heads of long bones, in a process known as hematopoiesis. • bone marrow is 4% of the total body mass; in an adult weighing (140 lb), bone marrow accounts for about (5.7 lb). • Approximately 500 billion blood cells are made per day

  16. Yellow Marrow – Adipose tissue (fat) – can be converted to red marrow when needed.

  17. Diseases of marrow Aplastic anemia, Multiple Myeloma(cancer) Tuberculosis (bacterial infection) Leukemia (white cell cancer), which attacks its hematologic progenitor cells. Radiation or chemotherapy will kill many of the cells of the bone marrow, and will result in a depressed immune system. Many of the symptoms of radiation sickness are due to damage sustained by the bone marrow cells

  18. Epiphysis Articular Cartilage • Epihyseal Plate • Epiphyseal Line • Spongy bone  • Contains Red Marrow

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