Biology 322 Human Anatomy I

1. Biology 322Human Anatomy I Orientation to the Human Body

3. Example #1:Your body consists of trillions of cells of at least 400 different typesAbout a dozen types are Lymphocytes One type of lymphocyte is the CD4 cellSuppose a virus attacks and destroys your CD4 cells, while all other cells (including all other lymphocytes) remain healthy.

4. Example #2:Your body consists of trillions of cells of at least 400 different typesFour types are found in pancreatic isletsOne type of islet cell is the beta cell, which produces insulinSuppose your body attacks and destroys the beta cells, while all other cells (including other islet cells) remain healthy.

5. Example #3:Your body consists of trillions of cells of at least 400 different typesOne type of cell in nervous system is the oligodendrocyteOligodendrocytes: dozens of organellesOne organelle: plasma membrane Plasma membrane: hundreds of types of moleculesOne type of molecule: myelinSuppose your body attacks and destroys the myelin in the plasma membranes of oligodendrocytes, while all molecules and all other cells remain healthy.

6. Two Terms You Need to Know: Gross Anatomy: Microscopic Anatomy: Histology = Cytology =

7. A few basic concepts of anatomy which we will use throughout this course 1) Planes or sections 2) Terms indicating relative positions 3) Regions of the body 4) Three-dimensional relationships

8. 1)In discussing the organization of the human body and its parts, we establish our "point of view" according to three three planes or sections relative to the “anatomical position:

10. How a structure appears depends on the plane in which you view it:

12. 2) In discussing parts of the human body, we also use a number of terms of relative position: Toward head or upper part of structure Toward sacrum or lower part of structure Toward the front Toward the back Toward the midline of the body or of a structure To side of midline of the body or of a structure Closer to center or origin Away from center or origin Toward the surface of the body or of a structure Toward the center of the body or of a structure

13. 3) Various regions of body have specific names: Anterior

14. Various parts of body have specific names: Posterior

15. 4) Finally: As we discuss the human body, get your brain to think three-dimensionally and focus on relationships . . .

20. x

21. You should know the following regions of the human body: Abdominal Crural Pedal Acromial Cubital Perineal Antebracheal Facial Plantar Axillary Femoral Popliteal Brachial Gluteal Pubic Calcaneal Inguinal Sacral Carpal Lumbar Scapular Cephalic Nuchal Sternal Cervical Palmar Tarsal Coxal Patellar Thoracic Cranial Pectoral Umbilical