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SECOND RIEL REBELLION

SECOND RIEL REBELLION. AFTER THE RED RIVER REBELLION. 1870 MANITOBA ACT. LAND, RELIGION, LANGUAGE, SCHOOLS ALL GUARANTEED. TROOPS ARRIVED AUGUST 1870 BUT RIEL HAD FLED NO REPERCUSSIONS FOR THE MURDER OF THOMAS SCOTT

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SECOND RIEL REBELLION

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  1. SECOND RIEL REBELLION

  2. AFTER THE RED RIVER REBELLION • 1870 MANITOBA ACT. LAND, RELIGION, LANGUAGE, SCHOOLS ALL GUARANTEED. • TROOPS ARRIVED AUGUST 1870 BUT RIEL HAD FLED NO REPERCUSSIONS FOR THE MURDER OF THOMAS SCOTT • 1874 MACKENZIE BROKE THE MANITOBA ACT AND MOST MÉTIS MOVED FURTHER WEST (SASK). • 1874-1877 OTHER NATIVE GROUPS WERE DECIMATED BY ILLNESS AND STARVATION. • 1880-1884 RAILWAY MOVING WEST FROM MANITOBA, EAST FROM BC.

  3. AS SURVEYORS SHOW UP PEOPLE IN SASK WORRIED, LOOK FOR LEADER • PEOPLE THERE WERE MÉTIS, ENGLISH, AND NATIVES • GABRIEL DUMONT ADVOCATES FOR RIEL, BUT HE’S IN USA • AFTER MANITOBA MACDONALD DOES NOT GRANT AMNESTY • MACKENZIE AGREES TO AMNESTY IF BANISH TO USA FOR FIVE YEARS • 2 YEARS IN MONTREAL IN SECRET (INSANE ASYLUM) • JULY 1884 MÉTIS UNDER DUMONT GO TO FETCH HIM IN MONTANA WHERE HE WAS MARRIED AND A TEACHER • RIEL FELT HE HAD DONE SOMETHING SPECIAL IN MANITOBA BUT UNDONE BY OTHERS, CHANCE TO MAKE AMENDS

  4. GABRIEL DUMONT MÉTIS LEADER ON THE LEFT, AND THE ROUTE OF THE CPR ABOVE. CONSTRUCTION BEGAN BOTH IN THE WEST AND EAST SO MÉTIS IN SASK WERE BEING CONVERGED UPON

  5. RIEL SUFFERING DELUSIONS • DAVID OF THE MÉTIS NATION, JULY 1884 HEADS BACK TO NORTH WEST TERRITORY • AGREES TO LEAD THE MÉTIS, ALLIANCE WITH THE CREE NATION TRIBES AGAINST THE GOV’T OF CANADA • BEGINS BY NEGOTIATIONS, OTTAWA SHOWS NO INTEREST, SO RIEL DECIDES TO GO FURTHER • MARCH 1885 SETS UP PROVISIONAL GOV’T IN BATOCHE WITH DUMONT AS MILITARY LEADER • NATIVE ALLIANCE WITH POUNDMAKER AND BIG BEAR • ENGLISH SUPPORTERS BACK OFF AS FEAR OPEN REBELLION

  6. LOUIS RIEL (CENTER) WITH HIS PROVISIONAL GOVERNMENT IN 1885

  7. THE TWO MAIN NATIVE CHIEFS TO SIDE WITH THE MÉTIS BIG BEAR TO LEFT AND POUNDMAKER TO THE RIGHT.

  8. BLOODSHED! • NWMP AND LOCAL MILITIA MARCHING TO ESTABLISH ROUTE BETWEEN FORTS • DUMONT SET UP GROUP OF WARRIORS TO AMBUSH THEM • SURROUNDED THE NWMP ATTEMPT TO NEGOTIATE • DURING TALKS SHOTS RING OUT (BOTH BLAME OTHER) AND FIGHTING BEGAN • IN THE BATTLE OF DUCK LAKE 10 NWMP OFFICERS KILLED (STILL BLOODIEST DAY) MARCH 26,1885 • DUMONT (WOUNDED IN HEAD) WANTED TO FINISH OFF COLUMN, RIEL SAID ENOUGH BLOOD LET THEM GO • THIS SUCCESS LED TO NATIVE UPRISINGS. ANGRY OVER TREATIES, TREATMENT, BUFFALO ETC

  9. A PRINT SHOWING MÉTIS SHARPSHOOTERS DEFENDING/MURDERING?

  10. FROG LAKE MASSACRE (WANDERING SPIRIT, HANGED) 10 WHITE SETTLERS KILLED APRIL 2,1885 • ENG CANADA DEMANDS ACTION, MACDONALD TRAPPED BY RIEL AGAIN • MORE VIOLENT, CAN’T IGNORE, CHANCE TO SHOW WORTH OF RWY • GENERAL MIDDLETON AND 5000 TROOPS SENT TO SASK TO DEAL WITH REBELLION • STOPPED COLD AT BATTLE OF FISH CREEK APRIL 24,1885 (200 MÉTIS VS 900 SOLDIERS) (4 MÉTIS KILLED, 10 SOLDIERS KILLED + 45 WOUNDED) SLOWING DOWN ADVANCE TOWARD BATOCHE

  11. BATTLE OF FISH CREEK HELD UP THE ADVANCE OF MIDDLETON. MÉTIS SHARPSHOOTERS KNEW THE LAND, HOW TO USE CAMOUFLAGE, HOW TO FIRE ETC. BR/CDN FORCES USED “NORMAL” WARFARE. THIS EXPLAINS THE CASUALTIES FROM PREVIOUS SLIDE

  12. MAY 2,1885 BATTLE OF CUT KNIFE • COLONEL OTTER IN CHARGE OF 350 MEN • POUNDMAKER (CREE AND ASSINIBOINE) HAD TAKEN OVER A FORT TO DEMAND BETTER TREATMENT • MIDDLETON ORDERED OTTER TO STAY PUT IN NORTH BATTLEFORD, BUT OTTER WANTED TO “PUNISH POUNDMAKER” • MARCHES TO INDIAN VILLAGE, GATLING GUN FIRED INTO VILLAGE OR WOMEN AND CHILDREN. • 50 BRAVES ATTACK, ENCIRCLE AND DEFEAT OTTER • WOULD HAVE KILLED ALL 350 BUT POUNDMAKER PREVENTED MASSACRE AND LET THEM LEAVE • REMEMBER OTTER, HE’LL BE IMPORTANT LATER TOO!

  13. BATTLE OF CUT KNIFE WHERE OTTER WAS DEFEATED BY NATIVES. 5 NATIVES WERE KILLED, 3 WOUNDED. OTTER LOST 8 KIA AND 14 WOUNDED. COULD HAVE BEEN WORSE SIR WILLIAM DILLON OTTER. CANADA’S FIRST PROFESSIONAL SOLDIER. I DON’T LIKE HIM MUCH!

  14. BATTLE OF BATOCHE MAY 1885 • DESPITE VICTORIES, MIDDLETON STILL MOVING TO BATOCHE • MÉTIS DELAYING INEVITABLE. BY MAY 5 CDN FORCES AT BATOCHE • MÉTIS LAST STAND • 1ST TACTICAL BATTLE OF CDN ARMY • MIDDLETON HAD LEARNED FROM MISTAKES • SLOW METHODICAL APPROACH TO BATOCHE • ENCIRCLED TOWN, USED GATLING GUNS, HEAVY ARTILLERY TO SHELL TOWN • OVER WEEK MANY MÉTIS WOUNDED, OUT OF AMMO, ETC • THEN ATTACKS WITH FULL FORCE

  15. BY MAY 12, MÉTIS FIRING NAILS, ROCKS OUT OF RIFLES. • MIDDLETON CHARGES AND PUSHES OUT REMAINING MÉTIS • 51 MÉTIS KILLED, WOUNDED, OR CAPTURED. MIDDLETON LOST 8 KIA AND 22 WOUNDED • RIEL WAS COMPLETELY INSANE BY NOW • HAD GONE FROM PROPHET OF MÉTIS (DAVID) TO POPE OF NEW CATHOLIC CHURCH (LEGALIZED POLYGAMY) TO CHRIST’S SECOND COMING • DURING BATTLE STOOD IN SHAPE OF CROSS • DUMONT ESCAPES, TRIED TO GET RIEL TO GO WITH HIM, BUT REFUSED, SO CAPTURED • BELL FROM BATOCHE CHURCH TAKEN BACK TO ONTARIO AS WAR TROPHY • MÉTIS WANT BACK ONT REFUSES. SO MÉTIS DELEGATION STOLE IT AND SOME MEDALS IN 1991

  16. PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN BY CDN MILITIAMAN AT THE OPENING OF THE BATTLE OF BATOCHE. IMAGE CAPTURES THE OPENING SHELLING OF THE TOWN OF BATOCHE

  17. SIR FREDERICK MIDDLETON. GENERAL OF THE BRITISH ARMY AND CDN MILITIA WHO COMMANDED THE DOMINION FORCES IN THE NORTH WEST REBELLION. THE CHURCH TOWER OF BATOCHE MISSING ITS BELL WHICH WAS NAMED MARIE ANTOINETTE

  18. AFTER BATOCHE • FEW MINOR SKIRMISHES WITH NATIVES • END OF JUNE NW REBELLION OVER • WHAT TO DO WITH PRISONERS? • MANY MÉTIS AND NATIVES HANGED • MOST WHITES GIVEN SMALL SENTENCES • NATIVES PUSHED BACK TO RESERVATIONS AT THE MERCY OF INDIAN AGENTS WHO ABUSED POWER

  19. GROUP OF MÉTIS PRISONERS AFTER BATOCHE. RAG TAG BUNCH TO SAY THE LEAST, BUT THEY FOUGHT WELL AS THEY WERE FIGHTING FOR A CAUSE, THEIR HOME AND CULTURE.

  20. IMPORTANCE OF BATOCHE SHOWS THE DETERMINATION OF GOV’T OF CANADA TO DEFEND TERRITORY • ALLOWS MACDONALD TO SHOW IMP OF RWY IN DEFENSE (TWO WEEKS TO GET TO SASK RATHER THAN 3 MONTHS IN RED RIVER) • MORE MONEY GIVEN TO STEPHEN AND SMITH TO FINISH RWY • BIGGEST ISSUE WAS UNDOUBTEDLY WHAT TO DO WITH RIEL • ONTARIO DEMANDED HANGING, QUE DEMANDING LENIENCY

  21. UPPER LEFT, SURVEYING STATION FOR THE CPR. ABOVE RIGHT, ONE OF THE FIRST TRAINS TO CROSS THE COUNTRY ON THE CPR. TO THE LEFT, DONALD SMITH DRIVES THE LAST SPIKE OF THE CPR. ACTUALLY IT WAS THE SECOND LAST SPIKE

  22. TRIED FOR TREASON, BUT HAD TO USE ANCIENT TREASON DEFINITION TO MAKE IT FIT • JURY WAS SIX ENGLISH SPEAKING PROTESTANTS • LAWYERS WANT TO USE INSANITY PLEA, HE REFUSED, FIRED LAWYERS “Life, without the dignity of an intelligent being, is not worth having.” • DEFENDED SELF REFUSED TO BE LABELLED INSANE B/C ALL WORK WOULD BE THAT OF A MAD MAN. WOULD RATHER MARTYR FOR A CAUSE • WAS FOUND GUILTY AFTER FIVE DAY TRIAL, SENTENCED TO HANG (JURY RECOMMENDED LENIENCY) • QUEEN ASKED LENIENCY, USA ASKED LENIENCY, POPE ASKED LENIENCY, MACDONALD REFUSED, LOUIS RIEL HANGED NOV 16,1885 IN REGINA

  23. AS EXECUTION APPROACHED RIEL DID TRY TO PROVE INSANE AT TIME OF SECOND REBELLION • JOHN A MACDONALD “He shall hang though every dog in Quebec bark in his favour.” • HANGING OF RIEL LOST QUE FOR MACDONALD AND CONSERVATIVES FOR A LONG TIME • BEFORE EXECUTION RECONCILED WITH CHURCH, AND GIVEN LAST RIGHTS • AFTER EXECUTION REMAINS SENT TO ST BONIFACE CHURCHYARD • FEBRUARY 2008 LOUIS RIEL DAY ESTABLISHED IN MANITOBA • RETRIED FOR CBC FEW YEARS AGO, GUILTY AGAIN

  24. LOUIS RIEL AGE 14 LOUIS RIEL MAY 1885 AS A PRISONER OF GENERAL MIDDLETON. PICTURE TAKEN IN MIDDLETON’S CAMP

  25. LOUIS RIEL GIVING TESTIMONY AT HIS TRIAL ABOVE, AND TO THE RIGHT THE DEATH CERTIFICATE OF LOUIS RIEL

  26. RIEL’S TOMBSTONE IN ST BONIFACE TO THE LEFT, AND HIS CHILDREN BELOW

  27. STATUE OF RIEL IN WINNIPEG. WHAT DO YOU SUPPOSE IS IN HIS HANDS?

  28. ORIGINAL COFFIN OF LOUIS RIEL http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10646 Rethinking Riel | CBC Archives Rethinking Riel | CBC Archives

  29. LEGACY? • SINCE HANGING OF RIEL, QUE HAS VOTED CONSERVATIVE 4 TIMES. • JOHN A MACDONALD 8TH GREATEST CANADIAN OF ALL TIME • LOUIS RIEL WAS 11TH • DON CHERRY WAS 7TH (WHAT A JOKE) • YOUR OPINION? HERO OR TRAITOR? BOTH?

  30. ELECTION ISSUES OF 1887 • NATIONAL POLICY (QUE ONT) (EAST AND WEST) • RIEL HANGING (FRENCH ENGLISH) • ECONOMIC SLOWDOWN GLOBALLY • RWY CONSTRUCTION COMING TO END • CONSERVATIVES WIN 123-92 • REALLY BECAUSE OF EDWARD BLAKE AND DISUNITY IN THE LIBERAL CAMP, BUT THAT IS STORY FOR TOMORROW

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