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1870-1880 Timeline

1870-1880 Timeline. Marielle Gardenour. 1870: Railroad Expansion.

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1870-1880 Timeline

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  1. 1870-1880 Timeline Marielle Gardenour

  2. 1870: Railroad Expansion • In expanding westward, one of the challenges was to buy inexpensive land so that the railroads would pay no taxes on their lands. This caused a stir because it was believed to be extorted; leading to state laws forbidding this practice.

  3. 1870: Railroad Expansion • Private railroad companies begin ad campaigns to attract settlers to build the railroad westward. • Railroad land agents were sent to the eastern states to encourage the railroads to buy public lands because it would be a lot cheaper to expand the railroad westward track.

  4. 1871: Indian Appropriations Act • Congress approves this law that ends the practice of treating Indian tribes as sovereign (independent) nations. Indians under this law are now regarded as wards of the federal government. This treaty was designed to avoid any other further confusion with the relationship with all of the Indian tribes. Indian’s regarded this law as dismantling their native traditions and ways of life.

  5. 1873: The Timber Culture Act • This act further encouraged settlement. It gave Settlers another 160 acres of free land if they agreed to plant trees on at least 40 acres. Four years later, the Desert Land Act gave settlers 640 acres of land at $1.25 an acre. The settler was required to irrigate the land within three years.

  6. 1873-late 1880’s – The Rise of the Cattle Industry • To turn cattle ranching into a successful business, Americans needed a way to get western bergs to markets in the East. The answer came through the expansion of the railroads and the ingenuity of Joseph McCoy an Illinois livestock shipper. McCoy hit on a scheme whereby Texas ranchers would drive their herds to railheads or shipping stations along one of the new railroad lines.

  7. 1870-1880 Mining ‘Boomtown’ • Major gold strikes took place in Black Hills, South Dakota in 1874 and in Cripple Creek, Colorado in 1891. • Prospectors rushed to the Yukon’s Klondike region for a chance to strike to rich as well as other parts of the West, but often left empty-handed. • The chance to strike it rich drew Americans from both east and wests coasts. • These mining boom towns once-thriving became ghosts towns when the boom was over in late 1890.

  8. 1876: The Battle of the Little Bighorn • The Second Treaty of Fort Laramie did not end the trouble between the Sioux and shite settlers. In 1874, white prospectors discovered gold in the Black Hills. Paying no attention to the Fort Laramie treaty, thousand of miners rushed onto Sioux land. Tribal leaders angrily rejected a government offer to buy back the land. Many Sioux warriors fled the reservation during the winter of 1875-1876.

  9. 1876: The Battle of the Little Bighorn • Later, united under the leadership of two Sioux chiefs, Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse, the Sioux push back the intruders. The Seventh Calvary set out to return the Sioux to the reservations. In less than two hours, Custer and his men were wiped out. The Battle of Little Bighorn was the last major Native American victory, and the government responded by stepping up military action to send the Indians back to the reservation.

  10. 1877: Desert Land Act • Congress passes the Desert Land Act, which permits settlers to purchase up to 640 acres of public land at 25¢ per acre in areas where the arid climate requires large-scale farming, provided they irrigate the land. This encourages people to settle westward.

  11. The Timber and Stone Act of 1878 • For the settler interested in lumber and mining, this act provided land well below market price to the settler and to help start new lives on the frontier. The federal government encouraged settlement of the West in many ways including land grants as well.

  12. 1879: United States Bureau of Ethnology is created • The U. S. government creates a bureau to study the region’s native peoples of their culture before they vanish under the pressure of expanding white settlement westward. This is to complete a federally-funded scientific exploration in the West.

  13. Large-Scale Farming 1870-1880 • Inventors and manufacturers devised new and improved equipment for harvesting. These included the twine binder of in the 1870’s and the reaper-thresher in the 1880’s allowed farmers on the plains to expand and to save time so they can acquire/buy more land on the West and grow more crops. By the late 1880’s farmers were producing more wheat than the markets could handle causing prices to fall. As a result, farmers went bankrupt. Gradually large operators with capital to invest came to dominate the industry.

  14. Works Cited • DiBacco, Thomas, Lorna C. Mason, and Christian G. Appy. History of The United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1993. 289-300. Print. • The West Website • Garcia, Jesus, Donna Ogle, C. Fredrick Resinger, Joyce Stevos, and Wintrop Jordan. Creating America: A History of the United States. Illinios: McDougal Littell, 2001. 300-310 Print. • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=american+flag&num=10&hl=en&biw=1080&bih=440&tbm=isch&tbnid=HXYlGLwl61xuFM:&imgrefurl=http://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/2012/08/the-two-american-flags&docid=fncELQh2lBvnNM&imgurl=http://www.lawyersgunsmoneyblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/08/american-flag-2a.jpg&w=640&h=480&ei=6zp4UPCuHMaB0AHXwYHAAw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=93&sig=105059565146500424085&page=1&tbnh=93&tbnw=120&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:142&tx=86&ty=67 (American flag-first slide) • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=railroads&num=10&hl=en&biw=1080&bih=440&tbm=isch&tbnid=IvMTRY3o41JeDM:&imgrefurl=http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sri_Lanka_Railroads.jpg&docid=acPFlQcvyF5iJM&imgurl=http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/68/Sri_Lanka_Railroads.jpg&w=1280&h=960&ei=pzt4UKPKF-qx0QGD0YCIDw&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=155&sig=105059565146500424085&page=1&tbnh=95&tbnw=120&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:139&tx=33&ty=53 (railroad-second slide) • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=railroads+in+the+1800s&num=10&hl=en&sa=X&biw=1080&bih=440&tbm=isch&tbnid=TXeGt574vO3o1M:&imgrefurl=http://www.monroehistorical.org/articles/files/010106_rr.html&docid=6GAhidjQpo62tM&imgurl=http://www.monroehistorical.org/articles/files/page2_blog_entry22_1.jpg&w=558&h=343&ei=ZDx4UPb2Fafe0gHLoYCgDw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=446&vpy=147&dur=3292&hovh=176&hovw=286&tx=106&ty=111&sig=105059565146500424085&page=1&tbnh=73&tbnw=119&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:3,s:0,i:145 (old railroad-third slide)

  15. Works Cited continued… • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=cattle&num=10&hl=en&biw=1080&bih=440&tbm=isch&tbnid=OCYfdTtKp8e63M:&imgrefurl=http://www.freefoto.com/preview/01-05-6/Cattle&docid=UiXUsQYwiqwLCM&imgurl=http://www.freefoto.com/images/01/05/01_05_6---Cattle_web.jpg&w=600&h=400&ei=aT14UJatLZCn0AG2tYDQCQ&zoom=1&iact=rc&dur=187&sig=105059565146500424085&page=1&tbnh=94&tbnw=109&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:11,s:0,i:186&tx=94&ty=57 (cattle-sixth slide) • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=mining+in+the+1800s&hl=en&biw=1080&bih=440&tbm=isch&tbnid=HcDrH0hC-9pERM:&imgrefurl=http://www.tnhistoryforkids.org/places/ducktown_basin&docid=WxdQI7jluNMKAM&imgurl=http://www.sitemason.com/files/hSMKOI/miners.JPG&w=1000&h=738&ei=DD54UPL1LOeT0QHiw4GgDA&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=597&vpy=129&dur=2998&hovh=193&hovw=261&tx=150&ty=139&sig=105059565146500424085&page=1&tbnh=91&tbnw=121&start=0&ndsp=15&ved=1t:429,r:12,s:0,i:121 (mining-seventh slide) • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=desert+land+act&num=10&hl=en&biw=1080&bih=440&tbm=isch&tbnid=sWBckYzSdkYWZM:&imgrefurl=http://montanakids.com/history_and_prehistory/Frontier_Life/act.htm&docid=YI1LDavemFUZCM&imgurl=http://montanakids.com/dbaseimages/1076.jpg&w=310&h=194&ei=Dj94UMKeL8H30gHMk4GgDg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=96&vpy=158&dur=3483&hovh=155&hovw=248&tx=168&ty=90&sig=105059565146500424085&page=1&tbnh=119&tbnw=163&start=0&ndsp=14&ved=1t:429,r:0,s:0,i:73 (desert land act-tenth slide) • http://www.google.com/imgres?q=reaper-thresher+of+the+1800s&hl=en&biw=1080&bih=440&tbm=isch&tbnid=Ia4-OGcMK4BSGM:&imgrefurl=http://www.learnnc.org/lp/editions/nchist-newsouth/5499&docid=zsdMuu7WyZ6kNM&imgurl=http://www.learnnc.org/lp/media/uploads/2009/09/800px-old_style_harvester.jpg&w=800&h=600&ei=1D94UPKzAs630AHGzYCAAw&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx=243&vpy=128&dur=172&hovh=194&hovw=259&tx=158&ty=88&sig=105059565146500424085&page=1&tbnh=114&tbnw=148&start=0&ndsp=12&ved=1t:429,r:1,s:0,i:73 (reaper-thresher-thirteenth slide)

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