Download
1 / 20
200 likes | 467 Views
Phonetics. Muhammad Ayub Attari. Confusing or convincing. I take it you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough? Others may stumble but not you On hiccough, thorough, tough and through. Well done! And now you wish, perhaps to learn less familiar traps?. Less familiar traps.
E N D
Phonetics Muhammad Ayub Attari
Confusing or convincing I take it you already know Of tough and bough and cough and dough? Others may stumble but not you On hiccough, thorough, tough and through. Well done! And now you wish, perhaps to learn less familiar traps?
Less familiar traps Beware of heard, a dreadful word That looks like beard but sounds like bird And dead, it is said like said but not the bead– for goodness sake don't call it ‘ deed’ Watch out for meat and great and threat ( they rhyme with suite and straight and debt) (T.S.W)
Phonetics The general study of the characteristics of the speech sound is called phonetics • Articulatory phonetics • Auditory phonetics • Acoustic phonetics
Two types of teachers • Liberal • Strict Same goes with the sounds • Vowel sounds • Consonants
Place and manners of articulation • Place is defined as the articulatory organ where sound is produced • Manner is whether a sound is prolonged or is simple or is fricative or affricative etc
Voiced and voiceless • Voiced sounds come from your throat. If you touch your neck when you make voiced sounds, you can feel your voice box vibrate. Examples of voiced sounds are: L, V, N, B, and all vowels ( A, E, I, O, U. ) Try saying these letters with your hand on your throat. You will feel a vibration.
voiceless Voiceless sounds are made by pushing air through your mouth. No sound comes from your throat. Examples of voiceless sounds are K, P, S, CH, SH, TH, and F. Try saying these sounds while touching your throat. You will not feel a vibration.
classification Of Consonants Consonants are formed by obstructing the flow of air from the lungs. In linguistics, we don’t organize them alphabetically, but in a two-dimensional grid: place of articulation vs. closure.
Place of articulation Describes where the obstruction occurs. By convention, we start at the lips and move inward. Compare the descriptions to the diagram, and make sure to pronounce the consonants to feel where they're produced.
Vowels Vowels may be classified as either rounded or unrounded, as either lax or tense, and as either long or short.
Lax or rounded vowels • In articulating a rounded vowel, the lips are rounded. The rounded vowels of Present-Day English are • 1. /u/ (the phoneme spelled oo in food);2. /U/ (the phoneme spelled u in But);3. /o/ (the phoneme spelled oa in boat);4. /ô/ (the phoneme spelled au in caught).
Tense or unrounded • in articulating a tense vowel, the tongue and other parts of the vocal apparatus are relatively tense. With a lax vowel, on the other hand, the muscles of the vocal apparatus are relatively loose. The lax vowels in Present-Day English are • 1. /I/ (the phoneme spelled i in bit);2. /e/ (the phoneme spelled e in bet);3. /U/ (the phoneme spelled u in put);4. /ô/ (the phoneme spelled au in caught).
Vowels' Physical characteristics • If the lower jaw is relatively low (that is, if the mouth is relatively widely open), the tongue will be relatively far from the roof of the mouth. Vowels for which the jaw is relatively low during articulation are called, unsurprisingly, low vowels; and vowels for which the jaw is relatively high (the mouth is more nearly closed) are called high vowels. This distinction can be appreciated, for example, by gripping the chin and successively articulating "ha-ha, hee-hee, ha-ha, hee-hee." The phoneme spelled a in ha is a low vowel, and the phoneme spelled ee in hee is a high vowel. The jaw can be felt to move up and down correspondingly.
