CHINA

1. CHINA

2. Breakdown of Religion • Buddhism • Han Buddhism • Southern Buddhism • Tibetan Buddhism • Confucianism • Confucius Temples -Confucius Temple in Qufu -Confucius Temple in Beijing -Confucius Temple in Nanjing • Taoism

3. Buddhism • A visible human being is considered far more reliable than invisible gods or spirits. • Buddhism during the Han Dynasty was regarded as having its basis in magic. • Southern Buddhism, has flexible doctrines. (Monks can eat meat and can secularize). • Tibetan Buddhism, also called 'Lamaism', started in the middle of 7th century.

4. Confucianism • Confucianism is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese culture. • Confucius (creator) • the greatest influence over the Chinese character. • great educationist, thinker and unsuccessful politician • noble morality.

5. Taoism • Tao refers to the road extending in one direction. • One half is in white representing Yang (the bright side), while the other is in black, representing Yin (the dark side). • There is a black dot in the white part, while a white dot is in the black part representing the Yin and Yang of each other and can transform into the counterpart. • The diagram looks like two fish end to end, so it is also called the Diagram of Yin Yang Fish. Source http://www.travelchinaguide.com/intro/religion/

6. Stereotypes 1. Asians are good at math. 2. Asians are overachievers. 3. Asians are quiet and hardworking. 4. Asians are gangsters, martial artists, laundry workers, and prostitutes. 5. Asian males have bowl cut haircuts. 6. Asian females haircuts focus on bangs. 7. Asians all have heavy accents. 8. Asian women are good romantic partners for white men. 9. Asian men are bad romantic partners. 10. Asian females are "exotic", and eager to please. 11. Asian is synonymous with Chinese. 12. Asians are traditional and unable to assimilate. 13. Asians all look the same. 14. Asians have small and slanted eyes. 15. Asians are athletically inferior. Sourcehttp://www.squidoo.com/asianstereotypes

7. NonverbalCommunication Chinese vs. American

8. Facial expressions • Chinese expressions sometimes have opposite meanings that American might perceive.

9. Head and hand movements ■ Done less in Chinese culture than American culture Crossing your fingers American - luck if shown if hidden, negation of the situation. Chinese - numerical value of ten. Point with only the forefinger Chinese – rude, when pointing, use of the entire hand is custom.

10. Physical Space, Touching and Tones of voice • Space : More is required in Chinese culture than in American culture • Touching : The Chinese are less comfortable with this than Americans are • Voice tone : Chinese speak louder than Americans on average

11. Gestures and body language • Bowing in China is similar to the American custom of shaking hands • Chinese may be uncomfortable with showing affection to new people. • Though the Chinese may shake hands with someone from America when greeting them, any other type of physical contact is not appropriate, especially when the people involved are not of the same “status”.

12. Eye Contact • Americans respect this, while Chinese mainly avoid this and see it as a sign of disrespect - Staring is uncommon in the Chinese culture, especially in groups. • Chinese show respect by bowing and avoiding eye contact, especially with members in an organization with a higher position.

13. Cultural Norms in China

14. Compare to western culture Chinese young people Western young people Think for themselves and make their own decisions • They will study only what their parents want them to study • If there are two children in the family and not enough money for both to go to school or university, it will be the son who studies, not his sister. • They are also not permitted (by law) to marry until they are 22 and 20 years old respectively.

15. No right to… • No right to have more than one child in China, no matter what you ‘think’ are your ‘God given rights’. • No right to criticize the government • No one ever tells people exactly what they think. ---Much of your ‘common/ordinary’ western conversation will be considered improper if spoken in front of women, children or old people. ---Say thank you except on formal occasions, and people will look at you strangely.

16. Family norms • Family members do not lend money to each other, it is just given. • If someone gives you a gift you must return the honor with a gift of your own, even if you have to steal to afford it. • There is no need to say thank you to your parents for anything, for everything they do for you is their duty. • Washing, cooking and cleaning is woman’s work. • When people may unannounced visits to your house at meal times, you MUST feed them all and smile while they spit out unwanted food onto the table or floor, or blow their noses directly onto the wall or floor.

17. Other norms • If you refuse to drink alcohol, even if you are a non drinker, you dishonor the people who force you to drink, and force you they will. • Smoking at the dinner table during dinner is usual • In a restaurant, the moment the last person takes their last mouthful of food, everyone jumps up and leaves. There is no hanging around for coffee and a chat.

18. Chinese thinks… • Chinese generally do not hate people based on race. They do not look down on people because of the color of their skin, or their religion. • They merely insist that their Chinese culture is superior to foreign cultures, that Chinese culture ought to be maintained, and that foreigners should not force their foreign ways on the Chinese.

19. High context cultures China

20. China is high context culture • More common in the eastern nations than in western, and in countries with low racial diversity. • The group is valued over the individual promote group reliance. • A strong sense of tradition and history, and change little over time, such as tribal and native societies.

21. What is different? • When individuals from high-context and low-context cultures collaborate, there are often difficulties that occur during the exchange of information. • These problems can be separated into differences concerning "direction", "quantity" and "quality."

22. Common Characteristics • Knowledge is situational, relational • Less is verbally explicit or written or formally expressed • More internalized understandings of what is communicated (ex: "in-jokes") • Often used in long term, well-established relationships • Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face communication, often around a central, authoritative figure • Strong awareness of who is accepted/belongs vs. "outsiders"

23. Association • Relationships depend on trust, build up slowly, and are stable. • How things get done depends on relationships with people and attention to group process. • One's identity is rooted in groups (family, culture, work).

24. Interaction • High use of nonverbal elements; voice tone, facial expression, gestures, and eye movement carry significant parts of conversation. • Verbal message is indirect; one talks around the point and embellishes it. • Communication is seen as an art form-a way of engaging someone. • Disagreement is personalized. One is sensitive to conflict expressed in another's nonverbal communication. Conflict either must be solved before work can progress or must be avoided.

25. Learning • Multiple sources of information are used. Thinking is deductive, proceeds from general to specific. • Learning occurs by first observing others as they model or demonstrate and then practicing. • Groups are preferred for learning and problem solving. • Accuracy is valued. How well something is learned is important.

26. Asian Culture In China • Asian families: • Have strong bonds • Have family growth • Run their own bussiness • Have respect for other Asian families • Have faith in the family • Expect their kids to get good grades 67% of young Asians have downloaded music, however only 27% of them have paid for it. The youth in Hong Kong spend the most time online per day (4.7 hours). http:/www.asianamericanalliance.com/Culture.html http://www.funkykaraoke.com/2007/08/funky-facts-about-asian-teens-in-159-seconds.html

27. Communication in China • Beginning in the 21st century, many more people outside China began learning the language. • Americans whose grandparents immigrated to the United States from China might not speak Chinese at all or they may be learning it as a second language. • While the Chinese's exposure to English has been greater than the exposure of westerners to Chinese, the ability of most Chinese people in China to the English language is most of the time hampered by direct exposure. Textbooks may be outdated and the pronunciation on language tapes may be heavily regional. • Pervasive problems include an emphasis on the use of idioms at the expense of clear, common language and the “whatever you like” approach to grammar, usage,and spelling. Cultural context can be obscured and word choice may be right but inappropriate.

28. More on Communication • In American English, the phrase “You’d better…” most of the time is considered a challenge or a threat. “You’d better do what I say or you will suffer the consequences.” is a phrase children often hear from their parents. It’s implied as an order. It provokes an negative response and could cause an American to prepare for a fight. The idea that “who are you to tell me I’d better do anything” usually pops up in in most peoples minds. Changing the language to the polite form “it would be better if you would…” reduces the negative response and the person is more likely to cooperate. • In China, the Chinese phrase “你好做…” or “好是你…” is very considerate. It shows caring for the other person’s well-being. The main idea is that whatever is being suggested will be helpful to the person. “今天下雨了。好是你带伞子。”can be translated as “It’s raining today. You’d better take an umbrella.” The implication is that the speaker is genuinely concerned and they are advising him or her to be prepared. Unfortunately, the result of this word choice in English means that something bad will happen if the person doesn't take an umbrella. The courtesy intended is rendered as a threat.

29. An example of a cross-cultural language mistake is in a scene from the movie Rush Hour (1998). Chris Tucker and Jackie Chan enter a pool hall and Tucker greets the manager using culturally-permitted language among only African-Americans. Chan respondes by using the same language, expecting to be equally well-received. He was surprised when his response is taken as an insult because Chan is not African-American and the language used is not culturally acceptable when used by a member of a different ethnic group.This article from the following website:http://www.chinasuccessstories.com/2009/05/28/language-communication-differences/

30. Video Notes I watched a video that was called Travel Guide DVD: destination China:1/5 of people live in China people use the Yangzi river to survive Yangshuo: place to go shopping A beautiful site: Moon Hill Language in Yangshuo: English Different counting system Dog: makes the blood run faster Information about the movie:produced by Escapi Media BV. Program content= Pilot Film and TV Productions Ltd. Film from 2005.

31. Book on China Traditional marriages: women marry into family After marriage the wife’s links with her own family are broken 1st major religion: Buddhism. Origin: India Heavy drinkers in the old days Today people drink w/meals They believe Acupuncture effects the balance of systems of energy. • In the book titled The Heart of The Dragon By Alasdair Clayre.

32. Hofstede's chart • Hofstede's chart: • China: high cultural value on orientation to time. • They value perserverance and thrift. This is from our communication book.