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SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT

Explore the International System of Units, metric prefixes, unit conversions, density calculations, temperature scales, and practical examples. Understand the simplicity and precision of metric measurements in this informative resource.

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SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT

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  1. SCIENTIFIC MEASUREMENT

  2. METRIC MEASUREMENT • The standard system of measurement used by scientists around the world is known as the International System of Units. This is the metric system. • The metric system is easy to use because it is based on units of 10.

  3. Units of Measure • Length- The distance between 2 points is measured in meters. http://www.chemistry.eku.edu/Parsons/images/Manual5.gif

  4. Units of Measure (cont’d) • Volume- The amount of space an object takes up. • Measured in liters. Two ways to find volume • Regularly Shaped Objects: • Length x Width x Height • Irregularly Shaped Objects • Water Displacement • Measurement of how much water is displacedin a graduated cylinder. • When using a graduated cylinder you must notice the meniscus after you have filled the cylinder with liquid. • The meniscus is the curved surface of the liquid. The bottom of the curve is where the measurement is taken.

  5. Units of Measure (cont’d) • Mass- The amount of matter in an object. • Measured in grams. http://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/biology/units/laboratory/graphics/triplebeambalance.jpg

  6. Metric prefixes • Kilo- k = 1000 • Hecto- h= 100 • Deka- da =10 • Deci- d=0.1(one tenth) • Centi- c=.01 ( one hundredth) • Milli- m=.001(one thousandth)

  7. Metric conversion table • k When moving down the steps, move the decimal to the right. Do not count the step you start on. h da Units-meter,liter,gram d c m When moving up the steps, move the decimal to the left. Do not count the step you start on.

  8. PRACTICE METRIC PROBLEMS Identify which is larger: • 6 m OR 6 km • 1 dm OR 1 cm • 14 mL OR 14 L

  9. DENSITY • Density- mass per unit volume. • This means how tightly packed the molecules are in a given substance.

  10. How to find density 1. Find themass of the substance. 2. Find the liquid volume of the substance • How much water was displaced in a graduated cylinder. • Final volume measurement in graduated cylinder substracted from the beginning volume of water in graduated cylinder. • Plug the measurements into formula • D= m/v or D= mass divided by volume • Measure in g/cm3

  11. Water displacement • www.okc.cc.ok.us/.../Displacement.htm Mass of dinosaur (found with triple beam balance) = 79.4 g Liquid volume from displacement= 225 mL Density = 79.4g/225 mL= 0.35 g/mL

  12. 1. Determine the density of an object that weighs 250 grams and has a volume of 100 milliliters. D= 250g/100mL D = 2.5 g/ml

  13. 2. A rock mass is determined on a triple beam balance to be 2.4 grams. The rock is then placed into a graduated cylinder which contained 80 mls of water. After the rock is placed into the water, the water level is read at 82 mls. What is the density of the rock? Volume of the rock is 2 ml (82ml – 80ml) Density = 2.4 g/2ml Density = 1.2 g/ml

  14. Temperature • There are 3 temperature scales • Fahrenheit • Used in United States • Celsius • Used in most countries and for scientific purposes • Kelvin • Used for scientific purposes

  15. Temperature

  16. Fahrenheit to Celsius conversions • Tc = (5/9)*(Tf-32) • Tc = temperature in degrees Celsius • Tf = temperature in degrees Fahrenheit • For example: • Assume you have a Fahrenheit temperature of 98.6 degrees and you desire to convert it into degrees on the Celsius scale. • Using the above formula, you would: 1.) Subtract 32 from the Fahrenheit temperature (66.6 as a result.) 2.) Then you multiply 66.6 by five-ninths (converted value of 37 degrees Celsius as a result)

  17. It is 120 degrees Fahrenheit in the Arizona desert region. What is this in Celsius? Celsius =5/9 x (120 – 32) Celsius =5/9 x 88 Celsius = 48.9  C

  18. Celsius to Fahrenheit conversions • Tf = ((9/5)*Tc)+32 • Tf = temperature in degrees Fahrenheit • Tc = temperature in degrees Celsius • Assume that you have a Celsius scale temperature of 100 degrees and you wish to convert it into degrees on the Fahrenheit scale. • Using the stated formula, you: • 1.) Multiply the Celsius scale temperature reading by nine-fifths (a result of 180). • 2.) Then add 32 to 180 and get the final converted result of 212 degrees on the Fahrenheit scale.

  19. It is 27 degrees Celsius in Tampico, Mexico. What is this in Fahrenheit? Fahrenheit = (9/5 x 27)+32 Fahrenheit = 48.6 + 32 Fahrenheit = 80.6  F

  20. Celsius to Kelvin Conversion Tk = C + 273

  21. What is normal body temperature of 37°C in Kelvins? Kelvins = Celsius + 273 Kelvins = 37 + 273 Kelvins = 310 K

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