Program Update for NASA Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry Advance Planning/ROSES/Budget

1. Program Update for NASA Ocean Biology & BiogeochemistryAdvance Planning/ROSES/Budget Paula Bontempi NASA Headquarters April 2006

2. Integrated Enterprise Mgt Prog Office of the Administrator Administrator Deputy Administrator Associate Administrator Office of the Chief of S&MA Office of the Chief Engineer Chief of Staff Inspector General White House Liaison Prog Analysis & Evaluation Aerospace Safety Advisory Council NASA Advisory Council Mission Support Offices Mission Directorates Centers Ames Research Center Dryden Flight Research Center Glenn Research Center Goddard Space Flight Center Jet Propulsion Laboratory Johnson Space Flight Center Kennedy Space Center Langley Research Center Marshall Space Flight Center Exploration Systems Space Operations Science Aeronautics Research General Counsel Chief Financial Officer Chief Information Officer Innovative Partnership Program Chief Medical Officer Strategic Communications Education Public Affairs Legislative Affairs External Affairs Ofc of Institutions & Management NASA Shared Services Institutional Planning and Investments Office of infrastructure & Administration Office of Human Capital Management Office of Diversity & Equal Opportunity Office of Security and Program Protection Office of Procurement Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization V3

3. NASA Shared Services Institutional Planning and Investments Office of infrastructure & Administration Office of Human Capital Management Office of Diversity & Equal Opportunity Office of Security and Program Protection Office of Procurement Office of Small & Disadvantaged Business Utilization

5. NASA’s Guiding National Objectives • Implement a sustained and affordable human and robotic program to explore the solar system and beyond. • Extend human presence across the solar system, starting with a human return to the Moon by the year 2020, in preparation for human exploration of Mars and other destinations. • Develop innovative technologies, knowledge, and infrastructure both to explore and support decisions about the destinations for human exploration • Promote international and commercial participation in exploration to further U.S. scientific, security, and economic interests • Study the Earth system from space and develop new space-based and related capabilities for this purpose.

6. NASA Earth Science Research Questions Research: How is the Earth changing and what are the consequences for life on Earth? • How is the global Earth system changing? • What are the primary forcings of the Earth system? • How does the Earth system respond to natural and human-induced changes? • What are the consequencesof changes in the Earth system for human civilization? • How well can we predict future changes in the Earth system?

7. Ocean Science Program Derives from Earth Science Research Strategy Variability Forcing Response Consequence Prediction Precipitation, evaporation & cycling of water changing? Atmospheric constituents & solar radiation on climate? Clouds & surface hydrological processes on climate? Weather variation related to climate variation? Weather forecasting improvement? Global ocean circulation varying? Changes in land cover & land use? Consequences of land cover & land use change? Improve prediction of climate variability & change? Ecosystems, land cover & biogeochemical cycles? Motions of the Earth & Earth’s interior? Changes in global ocean circulation? Coastal region impacts? Ozone, climate & air quality impacts of atmospheric composition? Global ecosystems changing? ES Science Questions and Ocean Program Involvement Atmospheric composition changing? Atmospheric trace constituents responses? Carbon cycle & ecosystem change? Regional air quality impacts? Ice cover mass changing? Change in water cycle dynamics? Sea level affected by Earth system change? Earth surface transformation? Predict & mitigate natural hazards from Earth surface change? Ocean Biology Program

8. NASA Earth Science Research Programs / Science Focus Areas • Atmospheric Composition • Atmospheric Composition, Radiation Sciences, Tropospheric Chemistry, Atmospheric Dynamics • Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems • Terrestrial Ecology, Land Cover/Land Use Change, Biodiversity, Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry • Climate Variability and Change • Physical Oceanography, Cryospheric Sciences • Earth Surface and Interior • Solid Earth and Natural Hazards • Water and Energy Cycle • Water Cycle • Weather • Weather

9. NASA Earth Science Focus Areas • Atmospheric Composition • Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems • Climate Variability and Change • Earth Surface and Interior • Water and Energy Cycle • Weather • Approaches and milestones are outlined in the former Earth Science Roadmaps http://science.hq.nasa.gov/strategy/roadmaps/index.html • Suborbital Science • Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction Program – integration of Focus Area Science • High-end Computing - Project Columbia

10. Integrated global analyses Report Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Roadmap Human-Ecosystems-Climate Interactions (Model-Data Fusion, Assimilation); Air-Sea Flux Sub-regional sources/sinks Funded T High-Resolution Atmospheric CO2 Unfunded Southern Ocean Carbon Program, Air-Sea CO2 Flux Process controls; errors in sink reduced Partnership Models w/improved ecosystem functions T= Technology development T Physiology & Functional Types Reduced flux uncertainties; coastal carbon dynamics Coastal Carbon = Field Campaign Global Ocean Carbon / Particle Abundance Reduced flux uncertainties; global carbon dynamics Goals: Global productivity and land cover change at fine resolution; biomass and carbon fluxes quantified; useful ecological forecasts and improved climate change projections T Vegetation 3-D Structure, Biomass, & Disturbance Terrestrial carbon stocks & species habitat characterized Global CH4;Wetlands, Flooding & Permafrost CH4 sources characterized and quantified Knowledge Base Global Atmospheric CO2 (OCO) Regional carbon sources/sinks quantified for planet N. American Carbon Program N. America’s carbon budget quantified Land Use Change in Amazonia Effects of tropical deforestation quantified; uncertainties in tropical carbon source reduced 2002: Global productivity and land cover resolution coarse; Large uncertainties in biomass, fluxes, disturbance, and coastal events Models & Computing Capacity Process Understanding Case Studies Improvements: P Land Cover (Landsat) Bridge (LDCM) Land Cover (OLI) Systematic Observations Ocean Color (SeaWiFS, MODIS) Ocean/Land (VIIRS/NPP) Ocean/Land (VIIRS/NPOESS) Vegetation, Fire (AVHRR, MODIS) Vegetation (AVHRR, MODIS) IPCC IPCC 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015 2002 2004 2006 Global C Cycle Global C Cycle NA Carbon NA Carbon

11. Integrated global analyses Report Carbon Cycle and Ecosystems Roadmap Human-Ecosystems-Climate Interactions (Model-Data Fusion, Assimilation); Air-Sea Flux Sub-regional sources/sinks Funded T High-Resolution Atmospheric CO2 Unfunded Southern Ocean Carbon Program, Air-Sea CO2 Flux Process controls; errors in sink reduced Partnership Models w/improved ecosystem functions T= Technology development Physiology & Functional Types T Reduced flux uncertainties; coastal carbon dynamics Coastal Carbon = Field Campaign Global Ocean Carbon / Particle Abundance Reduced flux uncertainties; global carbon dynamics Goals: Global productivity and land cover change at fine resolution; biomass and carbon fluxes quantified; useful ecological forecasts and improved climate change projections T Vegetation 3-D Structure, Biomass, & Disturbance Terrestrial carbon stocks & species habitat characterized Global CH4;Wetlands, Flooding & Permafrost CH4 sources characterized and quantified Knowledge Base Global Atmospheric CO2 (OCO) Regional carbon sources/sinks quantified for planet N. American Carbon Program N. America’s carbon budget quantified Land Use Change in Amazonia Effects of tropical deforestation quantified; uncertainties in tropical carbon source reduced 2002: Global productivity and land cover resolution coarse; Large uncertainties in biomass, fluxes, disturbance, and coastal events Models & Computing Capacity Process Understanding Case Studies Improvements: P Land Cover (Landsat) Bridge (LDCM) Land Cover (OLI) Systematic Observations Ocean Color (SeaWiFS, MODIS) Ocean/Land (VIIRS/NPP) Ocean/Land (VIIRS/NPOESS) Vegetation, Fire (AVHRR, MODIS) Vegetation (AVHRR, MODIS) IPCC IPCC 2008 2010 2012 2014 2015 2002 2004 2006 Global C Cycle Global C Cycle NA Carbon NA Carbon

12. CC&E Roadmap - Oceans • North American Carbon Program (03-04/Partnership) • North America’s carbon budget quantified • First selections made in Carbon NRA in 2004 • North American Carbon Program/Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (http://www.carboncyclescience.gov/) – ROSES 2005 NACP • Global Ocean Carbon/Particle Abundance • Reduced uncertainties in fluxes and global carbon dynamics • Carbon NRA in 2004 • Coastal Carbon • Reduced uncertainties in fluxes and coastal carbon dynamics • Physiology and Functional Types • Models with improved ecosystem function • Southern Ocean Carbon Program (Partnership) • Process controls identified; errors in sink reduced • Challenges – update technology roadmaps, slide time line forward….

13. Carbon Cycle & Ecosystems Focus Area Advance Planning • Engage the broad NASA carbon cycle and ecosystems community to reevaluate NASA directions, goals, approaches, and priorities in carbon cycle and ecosystems research. • Responsive to and informing Agency strategic roadmapping and the NRC Decadal Survey. • Parallel working groups, coordinated by a steering committee to combine and integrate working group products into a comprehensive focus area plan. • Discipline specific documents will be produced and published as needed. • ~18 months to seek broad inputs, assess and prioritize, write and iterate, and revise for publication. • Expect an initial call for white papers followed by workshops and major community meetings.

14. Ocean Biology and BiogeochemistryWhere do we go from here? Agency – advance planning, reorg SMD reorg + Earth science advance planning Focus Area advance planning Programmatic advance planning – the next 20-30 years of ocean biology and biogeochemistry research

15. Biological Oceanography’s Three Primary Objectives: 2006 SeaWiFS Terra Aqua Ocean Biology Processing/ Cal/Val Program (Report) (MOBY, new in situ tech, FC) New Measurements/ ESSP/New Initiative NASA’s Program in Ocean Biology & Biogeochemistry Time Series, Cal/Val (MOBY, HOTS, BATS) Ocean/Coastal Processes from Space NACP/OCCC/ IMBER/SOLAS C Carbon Cycle, Ecosystems Research

16. Biological Oceanography’s Three Primary Objectives: 2006 Ocean Biology Processing/ Cal/Val Program (Report) (MOBY, new in situ tech, FC) Linkages with OOI, IOOS/ SIMBIOS follow-on Time Series, Cal/Val (MOBY, HOTS, BATS) Evolution of calibration science Opportunities/linkages with other programs OBPG/SIMBIOS follow on, data policy

17. Biological Oceanography’s Three Primary Objectives: 2006 SeaWiFS Terra Aqua New Measurements/ ESSP/New Initiative/ MERIS • Synthesis and Integration (beyond process studies) • MAP • New measurements: Oceans, COCOA, MAUVE, etc. • Synergies? Ocean fields, atmosphere, radiation sciences • ESSP could provide new opportunity, but planning should not stop there….can these, and the science questions they address, be rolled into the next 30 years of ocean science from space (not just biology and biogeochemistry….) Ocean/Coastal Processes from Space & Modeling, Analysis, and Prediction

18. Biological Oceanography’s Three Primary Objectives: 2006 Synergy with IOOS, OOI, CCSP, OAP, etc. Investments in NACP, OCCC International efforts in IMBER, SOLAS, Repeat Hydrography Survey, etc. New Opportunities from programmatic advance planning - feedback C Carbon Cycle, Ecosystems Research

19. New Measurements/Missions/Opportunities • Synergy with ORION, IOOS, CCSP • ESSP – Earth System Science Pathfinder • unique, specific, highly-focused mission requirements in Earth science research; addressing Global Change Research to accommodate new scientific priorities and infuse new scientific participation into the ESE • http://essp.gsfc.nasa.gov/ • Announcement of Opportunity – late 2007 • IIP – Instrument Incubator Program (ESTO) • innovative remote-sensing concepts and the assessment of these concepts in ground, aircraft, or engineering model demonstrations • http://esto.gsfc.nasa.gov/obs_technologies_iip1.html • SBIR – Small Business Innovation Research • increase private sector commercialization of innovations and support and encourage minority and disadvantaged businesses • http://sbir.gsfc.nasa.gov/

20. The Next Steps • Near term (1-2 years) • Data Product algorithm selection (ESDRs) • Data Policy - link to MAP efforts • International efforts in IMBER, SOLAS • Interagency Opportunities – ORION, NACP, OCCC • Calibration & Validation Program Plan • Research Program plan, FA science and tech. inputs • Feed in to Focus Area, Earth Science, ESTO, Agency • Moderate term (<10 years) • New Measurements/missions • Dedicated sensors/missions for ocean research • Long term (30 years) • New initiative - where Ocean biology/biogeochemistry research needs to go

21. Role of the Community • Design and feedback of a robust Calibration/Validation Program & Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry Research Advance Plan– Workshops/reports/research • Collaboration among PIs – integration of efforts with selected proposals • Engage ORION and IOOS • SOLAS, IMBER, CLIVAR, NACP, OCCC (ship time, etc.) • MERIS Data; ESA’s ENVISAT Science team, Venice Tower • Enhancement of ocean biology processing group • Data product/algorithm selection and round robins; Data reprocessing, merging, assimilation, modeling – Earth System Data Records • National and International Workshops – SOLAS, IMBER, OOI, NACP, OCCC • Annual Ocean Color Research Team Meetings – modeling, innovative technologies, future measurements and initiatives, PROGRESS • NRC Decadal Survey

22. NASA Current and Approved Oceans and Ice Missions 10 11 12 13 14 15 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 Beyond OSTM (2008) and Aquarius (2009), there are no approved NASA oceanographic satellite missions NPOESS OPS Directed TOPEX/P. JASON OSTM QuikSCAT AQUA/MODIS ICESAT Competed GRACE AQUARIUS Comm SEAWIFS Today Primary Mission Approved Extended Mission Conditionally Approved Extended Mission

23. Mission Updates • SeaWiFS • 8 1/2-year time series • September 1997- present • Terra MODIS • Spinning up revisit • SST available • Aqua MODIS • Concentrate efforts on product selection and refinement • June 2002-Present • NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Project) VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite) • NASA NPP Project Scientist, Jim Gleason – provide an update • Wayne Esaias will provide VIIRS update from NASA team • NPOESS (National Polar-Orbiting Environmental Satellite System)VIIRS • Operational focus – systematic observations – triggered Nunn-McCurdy in late 2005, proposed options for fix on 1 June • GLORY • Jacek Chowdhary (Columbia Univ.)

24. NASA FY06 and FY07 Items to Note • 20% cut in FY06 for SMD, and likely further cuts in FY07 in core Earth Science Research and Analysis programs • GPM launch moved out 2 years • ESSP call no earlier than FY2008 • FY07 budget silent on Ocean Vector Winds • HPLC – hold on sample processing – SEAHARRE-3 identified some problems with data, see C. Trees poster – working on problem + fix, as well as completion of sample processing • Progress reports and grant/contract changes • 90d ahead of your annual end date, response time

25. NASA FY06 and FY07 Items to Note – U.S. Ocean Action Plan Ocean Research Priorities Plan – 18-20 April, Denver, CO http://www.ceq.gov

26. NASA Research Opportunities • ROSES – Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Science • Omnibus solicitation with former Space Science • Released in January each calendar year • Rolling deadlines for NOIs and Proposal Due Dates • Updates to different sections in Table of Contents via Amendments by E-mail • Solicitations Closed, Under Review - Ocean Biology and Biogeochemistry – Calibration [7 April 2006] - North American Carbon Program (OCCC) - [April/May 2006 panel] • ROSES 2006 - http://nspires.nasaprs.com/ - Interdisciplinary Research in Earth Science (~$11M – 4.17.2006) - Landscapes to Coasts - Coupled Carbon and Climate Modeling - International Polar Year – ($6M – 5.1.2006) - Integrated analysis/modeling efforts; field campaigns, tech development for UAV instruments - EOS Science Research (~$25M – 7.18.2006) - Algorithms, Science Data Analysis (new products, integrated research, intra and inter-sensor data fusion) – CCSP, OAP, GEOSS

27. NASA Research Opportunities • New Investigator Program in Earth Science – 2007 (1/8 or 1/10) –mwei@mail.nasa.gov • Designed for scientists and engineers with Ph.D. degrees within the last 5 years • Must be US citizen or legal permanent resident (with Green card) at the time of award (immediately after selection) • Both Research and Education plans are required, with Research carrying approx. double the weight of Education, motivating scientists/engineers to recognize that our job does not end with publishing papers. • 3-year awards at $80-120K/year • A source of PECASE nominations, but not the only source • Earth System Science Fellowship Program – Graduate Students - Annual (1/4- 1/7) • Support to graduate students pursuing master’s and/or Ph.D. degrees in disciplines addressing Earth system science and remote sensing • Up to 3 years of support at $24K/year (Increase to $30K/year anticipated in FY2008) • Applications due February 1 every year; announcement of selections late May; award start-date September 1 • Foreign students, if enrolled full-time at a US institution, may apply