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Understanding the Issues And Educating for Change

Understanding the Issues And Educating for Change. Joanne Tomkins, Ph.D. student, Public Health Community Health Promotion and Education Walden University PUBH 8165-1: Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Rebecca Heick Spring, 2010.

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Understanding the Issues And Educating for Change

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  1. Understanding the Issues And Educating for Change Joanne Tomkins, Ph.D. student, Public Health Community Health Promotion and Education Walden University PUBH 8165-1: Environmental Health Instructor: Dr. Rebecca Heick Spring, 2010 All photos were taken by Dwight or Joanne Tomkins during the months of March and April, 2010,unless otherwise noted.

  2. To educate public health officials and the general public on the current practices that are dangerous to the Honduran environment. • To educate public health officials and the general public on the public health impacts of the current environmental practices. • To offer solutions to the current practices by means of simple behavior changes.

  3. Honduras is a country of great beauty. • It covers about 112,000 square kilometers, making it slightly larger than the state of Virginia. • 80% of the country is mountainous. • The population of Honduras was just over 7 million people in 2008. References: Merrill, T. (Ed.) (1995) Honduras: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved from http://countrystudies.us/honduras/34.htm The World Bank Group (2010). Data Finder. Retrieved from http://datafinder.worldbank.org/

  4. Natural resources of commercial importance to Honduras include timber, gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, iron ore, antimony, coal, fish, and hydropower. They also export apparel, coffee, shrimp, wire harnessing, cigars, bananas, palm oil, fruit, lobster, and finished lumber. Crops commonly grown in Honduras include bananas, coffee, citrus, corn, and African palm. Honduras also has an abundance of beef, shrimp, tilapia, and lobster. References: Central Intelligence Agency (2009a). World Factbook: Export Commodities, Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world- factbook/fields/2049.html?countryName=Honduras&countryCode=ho&regionCode=ca&#ho Central Intelligence Agency (2009b). World Factbook: Agriculture, Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.html?countryName=Honduras&countryCode=ho&regionCode=ca&#ho Central Intelligence Agency ( 2010). World Factbook: Natural Resources, Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2111.html?countryName=Honduras&countryCode=ho&regionCode=ca&#ho

  5. But this beautiful country has an ugly side. The people of Honduras are not taking good care of the place where they live; the environment.

  6. Dumping trash is not only unsightly, it draws vermin that can be dangerous to people and to cars on the road. It also gives visitors to our country a bad impression of our love for our country.

  7. The smoke that comes from factories is bad for us to breathe and can spread for many miles. References: Canadian Broadcasting Centre News (2009, December 23). Car exhaust, factory smoke linked to pneumonia. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2009/12/23/pneumonia-traffic-pollution.html Socha, T. (2007). Air pollution causes and effects. HealthandEnergy.com. Retrieved from http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_causes.htm

  8. Breathing black smoke from diesel fumes may cause lung cancer. Reference: Health and Safety Executive (1999). Diesel engine exhaust emissions. Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg286.htm

  9. Burning land to clear it pollutes the air that we breathe and can make us very sick. Reference: Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Agricultural burning. Retrieved from http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/AIRPAGE.NSF/283d45bd5bb068e68825650f0064cdc2/0636f2e7bf9a0b9c88256dc1007bc195/$FILE/1100agburning.PDF

  10. When we burn trash that is not paper, such as plastics and metals, it puts noxious fumes in the air that can hurt our lungs. Reference: New York Department of Environmental Conservation (2009). New Regulation on Open Burning Takes Effect Oct. 14: Initiative Will Reduce Pollutants, Risks of Wildfires. Retrieved from http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/58544.html

  11. Deforestation has reduced the natural forests of Honduras by 30% in the past 15 years. This hurts the good air we breathe not only in Honduras but all around the world. Reference: Environmental Investigation Agency (2005). The illegal logging crises in Honduras (pdf). Retrieved from http://www.eia-international.org/files/reports112-1.pdf (Use of this photo is not intended to imply any illegal activity on the part of this enterprise.)

  12. Diseases can also kill forests.

  13. Deforestation is not only done for building lumber, but also for fuel. 65% of the families in Honduras still rely on firewood to heat and to cook. Reference: Mongabay.com (2006) Honduras: Environmental profile. Retrieved from http://rainforests.mongabay.com/20honduras.htm

  14. When too many trees are cut, the land is not able to hold onto the soil.

  15. Cutting down too many trees also causes the loose soil to fill the rivers and choke off the water flow. Reference: Fiset, N. (2007). Harmful effects of deforestation. ArticlesBase SC #131219. Retrieved from http://www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/harmful-effects-of-deforestation-131219.html

  16. Honduras has many beautiful and pristine mountain streams.

  17. But draining household waste into the water can pollute our streams. Reference: World Health Organization (2010). Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/preventingdisease/en/index.html

  18. Waste water used to wash cattle and chicken pens that is dumped into our streams creates a health hazard to everyone that will use that water source. Reference: Environmental Protection Agency (2009). Region 9: Animal waste. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/region9/animalwaste/problem.html

  19. Raw sewage that is dumped into water streams smells bad and looks bad. But most importantly, it can be deadly. Reference: Pan American Health Organization (2001). Special program for health analysis (PAHO/SHA) and program on communicable diseases (PAHO/HCP/HCT). Retrieved from www.paho.org/english/ad/dpc/cd/graficas.ppt

  20. Cars, trucks and buses can add grease, road materials, rust and oil to our water that can kill fish and even change the water’s temperature. Reference: Podlubny, J. (2002). End of an era: Curbside car washing to go the way of littering, smoking and the dodo. RiverSafe Campaign. Retrieved from http://www.riversides.org/riversafe/pdf/Octane_August02.pdf

  21. Soap is drained directly into our streams and rivers from showers and washing machines, and from people that bathe in the rivers.

  22. Standing water can breed mosquitoes that carry malaria.

  23. Pilas can also breed mosquitoes.

  24. There are many simple things that we can do to help keep Honduras beautiful and safe for our children and for the future.

  25. We can work together as a community to clean up the grounds around us.

  26. We can put litter in one place to keep our grounds and streets clean.

  27. Aluminum cans and glass bottles can be reused by the company that sold them.

  28. Plastic bottles can also be recycled.

  29. We can think of creative ways to re-use those things that the earth cannot reclaim.

  30. We can reuse metal and plastic containers in beautiful ways.

  31. We can reuse things like glass and plastic bottles to store other things, like milk and honey.

  32. Reuse Clear plastic bottles can purify water for safe drinking. Reference: Hesperian Foundation (2005). Water for Life. Retrieved from http://www.hesperian.info/assets/environmental/Water_EN.pdf .

  33. To keep mosquitoes from hatching we need to keep the rivers and streams moving.

  34. Something else we can do to help our country and our health is to remove standing water once a week to keep mosquitoes from breeding. Reference: Hesperian Foundation (2008). A community guide to environmental health: Chapter 8: Trouble with mosquitoes. Retrieved from http://www.hesperian.info/assets/EHB/08_Chapter8.pdf

  35. We can allow our land to be used by reforesters who plant new trees to replace the forests that have been cut down. Photo taken by Marcos Madrid, Reforesting Engineer, Project Third Day, Olancho, Honduras

  36. Planting even one tree will make Honduras fresher and greener.

  37. Composting latrines can help our environment also. Photos taken by Jeff Buscher, Village Partners Project, William Jewell College, and used with permission.

  38. Limestone can be used for many good purposes instead of using poisons. Reference: Pottorff, J.P. (2009). Friendly pesticides for home gardens. Retrieved from http://www.mistpronc.com/Education%20on%20Pesticides.htm

  39. We looked at some current practices that are dangerous to the Honduran environment. • Bad air, bad water, trash and deforesting. • We looked at some of the public health dangers of the current environmental practices. • Spreading infections and diseases. • We looked at some solutions by simple behavior changes. Photo taken by Marcos Madrid, Reforesting Engineer, Project Third Day, Olancho, Honduras

  40. Solutions: • Reuse containers and other materials that the earth cannot reclaim. • Recycle things that can be reused for the same purpose, such as aluminum and glass bottles. • Work together to keep water flowing so mosquitoes cannot breed. • Empty pilas and other containers that hold water once a week to end the mosquito cycle. • Replant trees or allow our land to be used for replanting to replace the lost forests of Honduras. • Use natural resources such as lime to help break down or destroy dangerous things such as wastewater.

  41. Canadian Broadcasting Centre News (2009, December 23). Car exhaust, factory smoke linked to pneumonia. Retrieved from http://www.cbc.ca/health/story/2009/12/23/pneumonia-traffic-pollution.html Central Intelligence Agency (2009a). World Factbook: Export Commodities, Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2049.html?countryName=Honduras&countryCode=ho&regionCode=ca&#ho Central Intelligence Agency (2009b). World Factbook: Agriculture, Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2052.html?countryName=Honduras&countryCode=ho&regionCode=ca&#ho Central Intelligence Agency ( 2010). World Factbook: Natural Resources, Honduras. Retrieved from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2111.html?countryName=Honduras&countryCode=ho&regionCode=ca&#ho Environmental Investigation Agency (2005). The illegal logging crises in Honduras. Retrieved from http://www.eia-international.org/files/reports112-1.pdf Environmental Protection Agency (2000). Agricultural burning. Retrieved from http://yosemite.epa.gov/R10/AIRPAGE.NSF/283d45bd5bb068e68825650f0064cdc2/0636f2e7bf9a0b9c88256dc1007bc195/$FILE/1100agburning.PDF Environmental Protection Agency (2009). Region 9: Animal waste. Retrieved from http://www.epa.gov/region9/animalwaste/problem.html Fiset, N. (2007) Harmful effects of deforestation. ArticlesBase SC #131219. Retrieved from: http://www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/harmful-effects-of-deforestation-131219.html Health and Safety Executive (1999). Diesel engine exhaust emissions. Retrieved from http://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg286.htm Hesperian Foundation (2005). Water for Life. Retrieved from http://www.hesperian.info/assets/environmental/Water_EN.pdf Hesperian Foundation (2008). A community guide to environmental health: Chapter 8: Trouble with mosquitoes. Retrieved from http://www.hesperian.info/assets/EHB/08_Chapter8.pdf

  42. Lapidos, J. (2007). How scientists figure out how long it takes your trash to decompose. Slate.com. Retrieved from http://www.slate.com/id/2169287/ Merrill, T. (Ed.) (1995). Honduras: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress. Retrieved from: http://countrystudies.us/honduras/34.htm Mongabay.com (2006). Honduras: Environmental profile. Retrieved from http://rainforests.mongabay.com/20honduras.htm National Lime Association (n.d.). Environmental uses of lime. Retrieved from http://www.lime.org/ENV02/ENV802.htm New York Department of Environmental Conservation (2009). New Regulation on Open Burning Takes Effect Oct. 14: Initiative Will Reduce Pollutants, Risks of Wildfires. Retrieved from http://www.dec.ny.gov/press/58544.html Pan American Health Organization (2001). Special program for health analysis (PAHO/SHA) and program on communicable diseases (PAHO/HCP/HCT). Retrieved from www.paho.org/english/ad/dpc/cd/graficas.ppt Podlubny, J. (2002). End of an era: Curbside car washing to go the way of littering, smoking and the dodo. RiverSafe Campaign. Retrieved from http://www.riversides.org/riversafe/pdf/Octane_August02.pdf Pottorff, J.P. (2009). Friendly pesticides for home gardens. Mist Pro Outdoor Insect Control. Retrieved from http://www.mistpronc.com/Education%20on%20Pesticides.htm Socha, T. (2007). Air pollution causes and effects. HealthandEnergy.com. Retrieved from http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_causes.htm The World Bank Group (2010). Data Finder. Retrieved from: http://datafinder.worldbank.org/ World Health Organization (2010). Preventing disease through healthy environments: Towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/quantifying_ehimpacts/publications/preventingdisease/en/index.html

  43. For Further Reading: A community guide to environmental health, by the Hesperian Foundation, published in 2008, and Water for Life, by the Hesperian Foundation, published in 2005. Both are available for free download on line at http://www.hesperian.org/publications_download.php#wtnd

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