Circumstances

2. Circumstances Franco – German relations The Balkan Question Great Britain - Germany

3. British-German navy tension

4. Timeline and Main Events The Berlin Congress of 1878 1873 Three Emperor`s League 1878 Berlin Congress 1879 Germany – Austria

5. 1882 Triple Alliance

6. The Blocs 1894 France-Russia military alliance 1904 Anglo-French Entente 1907 Anglo-Russian Agreement

7. Europe in 1914

8. The Outbreak of War

9. 1832 – Greece won independence • 1875 – Nationalist rebellion in the Ottoman Empire • 1878 – Congress of Berlin, Bismarck

10. The Balkans after the Congress of Berlin,1878 The Balkans - 1914

11. 1908 – Austria formally annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina • 1912 – First Balkan War • 1913 – Second Balkan War

12. 28 June,1914 – Archduke Francis Ferdinand was assassinated by Serbian revolutionaries,

13. July 28, 1914 – Austria began to mobilize and declared war to Serbia • July 29 – Russia ordered full mobilizing and thus declared general war • August 2 - General Helmuth von Moltke demanded that Belgium permit German armies to pass

14. Inward reflections of the Great War Decline of Germany, domestic conflicts and social tension Civil war in Great Britain Revolution in Russia Nationalism

15. The First Battle of the Marne • On September 6 French attacked a gap in the German line

16. Stalemate and Slaughter The cost in lives was staggering, the gains in territory minuscule

17. On both sides In the Battle of Somme 1,1 million were sacrificed for the insignificant 125 square miles • The unsuccessful German campaign against Verdun cost 700,000

18. The Widening War • On the Eastern front Russian forces were very badly damaged by the Germans and never threatened them again • 2,5 million Russians were killed, wonded or taken prisoners

19. May 1915 – Italy joined Triple Entente in return for promises of Austrian territory • September – Bulgaria allied with the Central Powers in order to settle old scores with Serbia • 1918 – British army from Egypt smashed Ottoman Empire once and for all

20. May 1915 – After sinking 90 ships, the murderously effective submarine sank the passenger liner Lusitania – 1000 victims among which 139 Americans • April 1917 – the United States declared war on Germany

21. Ivan Hristov • Kaloyan Vasilev