CDR Stephen Markle USN (ret)

1. CDR Stephen Markle USN (ret) Program Manager and Director Electric Ships Office NAVSEA PMS 320

2. US Navy Ship Power Systems: The Leap Forward National Shipbuilding Research Program –All Panel 13 March2019 Mr. Stephen P. Markle, PE Director and Program Manager Electric Ships Office (PMS320) stephen.markle@navy.mil 202.781.4427 Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution isunlimited. CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

3. Power SystemConsiderations “I’m going to buy as much as I can afford. As much power as I can afford. Because I know by the time I retire the ship I’ll use itall.” Admiral JohnRichardson 31st U.S. Chief of Naval Operations Directed Energy Summit I March 29,2017 • Buy as much power as you canafford • Power (esp. with electric propulsion) is fundamental to ship design and affects major components, arrangements, superstructure, compartmentalization, & shipcontrol • The power system must include a better approach to distribution flexibility throughout the ship’s servicelife;current design practices optimize for current requirements • DDG 1000 has plenty of installed power but a distribution systemlimited to current requirements • DDG 51 Flight III includes a costly power system upgrade for AMDR that was not in theoriginal design • Follow & Inform the N96 Surface Capability Evolution Plan(SCEP) TheElectricPowerSystemistheFoundationoftheShip’sKillChain CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

4. Evolutionofthenextlargesurfacecombatant… FUTURE FORCESTRUCTURE “The prioritized shipbuilding plan assigns the highest priority to frontline combat platforms, affording the opportunity to quickly adopt new capabilities in response to emergingdisruptive capabilities…” Annual Long-Range Plan for Construction of Naval Vessels(2019) DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY • High energy weapons and sensors required to pace technology, outpace adversaries, and maintain maritime dominance • Maintain flexibility to rapidly introduce new missionsystems Naval Directed Energy Weapons andSensors WeaponDemand SensorDemand EW Demand MissionCapability KeytoDisruptiveTechnologyisanAgilePowerSystem… CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

5. DirectedEnergyMissionSystemPowerDemands Power=Energy/TimeorEnergy=PowerxTime Current Future Generator Response toLoad TIME KineticWeapons • Generators operate at continuous loading for efficiency& reliability • Current generators cannot respond quickly and dynamically to new demands Energy Storage Response toLoad ENERGY STORAGEPROVIDES PULSEPOWER GENERATOR CHARGES ENERGYSTORAGE TIME Directed Energy Weapons andSensors • Pulses of a different nature require different ranges of pulse powertechnologies • Future directed energy demands need common large scale energystorage SensorDemand POWER MissionCapability POWER SensorDemand WeaponDemand EWDemand ? FutureDemands KeytoSuccess=EnergyStorageandAdvancedControls CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

6. Path toFuture PowerandEnergyaretheFoundationoftheKillChain • Shared energy storage for new dynamicloads • Minimize space, weight and coolingimpacts • Utilize all shipboard energy to produce usefulpower Path to thefuture Shift the powerinterface Develop a commonintermediate power and energy system Advance Fully Integrated Power andEnergy Systems MIL-STD- LVDC/MVDC ENERGY MAGAZINE IPES Back fit / Forwardfit New ShipDesign Validation CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

7. The Guidebook: NPESTDR Naval Power and Energy Systems Technology DevelopmentRoadmap • Aligned to the Navy’s 30 year shipbuilding plan and Surface Capability Evolution Plan(SCEP) • Serves as a guide for future investment by Navy, DoD, Industry, andAcademia • Includes all major product areas for Naval PowerSystems • PrimeMovers • Generators • EnergyStorage • ElectricMotors • DistributionSystems • PowerConverters • Controls • ThermalManagement • Originally issued in 2007, updated and re-issued in 2013, 2015 and2019 Planned NPES BAA AnnouncementFY19Q2 CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

8. Required Initiatives (2019 –2037) Reference: Figure 6 pg38-39 NPES TDR CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

9. NPES TDR: Power ConverterMetrics TDR Naval Power & Energy Systems Technology DevelopmentRoadmap • Navy Power & Energy R&D Enterprise WayForward • Guide for InvestmentDecisions • Government • Industry CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

10. Shifting theInterface Energy Magazine Bridges the path to the Future with Back-fitInstallations IntermediateNavy Uses Current and FutureNaval Interfaces Energy Storage Types &Functions SEWIP BlockIII Future Systems SSL-TM &HELIOS AMDR UPSReduction Load Balancing Energy Magazine 375VDC 650VDC 1000VDC FUTURE INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 LVDC/MVDC(draft) Power Quality andControl BackupPower EnergyMagazine PowerConversion &Controls EnergyStorage Interface Control Document (ICD) development by PMS 320 CURRENT INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399(440VAC) FUTURE INTERFACE: MIL-STD 1399 LVDC/MVDC(draft) Electrical Distribution CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

11. EnergyMagazine:Leveraging6YearsofInvestment Upgrade for ShipboardUse EnergyMagazine 2013: Energy Storage Module-Land (ESM-L): Proof of Concept for SSL-TM Land Demo Testing Lead acid battery based technology in 28’ conexbox 2019: Energy Storage Module-Ship (ESM-S): Second ESM Unit Modified for SSL-TM on LPD 27 Enables 4 min of SSLoperation Define internal interfaces EnergyStorage PowerElectronics 2018: Energy Magazine Laser (EM-L) ESM Capability in 1/10 the size with lithiumbatteries Supports Laser EngagementProfiles 2021: Energy Magazine Prototype (EM-P) Separate the interface between Power Electronics andBatteries Leverage early investment 2019: Multi-function Energy Storage Module (MFESM) Power Electronics with Hybridized Energy Storage: Batteries +Capacitors 2020: Combined Energy Magazine (EM) Early Transition ofMFESM Batteries with Energy Magazine LaserPrototype CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

12. Energy Magazine (EM) – RFI 02 JAN19 RequestforInformationfor Multi-ApplicationShipboardEnergyMagazine RequirementsDevelopment Solicitation Number:N00024-19-R-4112 Agency: Department of the Navy Office: Naval Sea SystemsCommand Location: NAVSEAHQ □ RFI N0002419R4112 released on1-2-19 • Responses requestedby 1-21-19 • Responsesreceivedafterthisdate will beentertained • RFI included a review of functional requirements and thefollowing: • Technical Scope andFunctional Questions • Statement of Work andSchedule RelatedQuestions • BusinessProcessesandApproach Questions • Small BusinessInterest “TheNavyisinterestedintheapplicationsforhighervoltageSilicon-Carbide (SiC)wideband-gapdevicesandhow they improve power electronics performance. How would the application of SiC devices impact the design performance for the Energy Magazine and what would be negative factors which would lead to not applying this technology?“ Reference: Question:A6 CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

13. FutureSurfaceCombatantForce:LargeSurfaceCombatant RequestforInformationforLargeSurfaceCombatantShipbuilders RequirementsDevelopment Solicitation Number:N00024-FY19-LSC-001 Agency: Department of the Navy Office: Naval Sea SystemsCommand Location: NAVSEAHQ • Posted – 15 FEB2019 • Response – 01APR 2019 • URL:https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DON/NAVSEA/NAVSEAHQ/N00024-FY19-LSC-001/listing.html RequestforInformationforLargeSurfaceCombatantSystemsProviders RequirementsDevelopment Solicitation Number:N00024-FY19-LSC-002 Agency: Department of the Navy Office: Naval Sea SystemsCommand Location: NAVSEAHQ • Posted – 15 FEB2019 • Response – 01APR 2019 • URL:https://www.fbo.gov/spg/DON/NAVSEA/NAVSEAHQ/N00024-FY19-LSC-002/listing.html “Background:ArequirementsanalysisprocessforaFutureSurfaceCombatantForce(FSCF)isbeing conducted by theU.S.Navy.The FutureSurfaceCombatantForceisenvisionedto include LargeSurfaceCombatants(LSC),SmallSurfaceCombatants(SSC),Optionally Manned or Unmanned Surface Vehicles (O/USV) and a common Integrated Combat System (ICS). The Navy is currently developing requirementsforaLSCaspartoftheFSCFvision. The Navy's LSC Program will be a new acquisition program that will leverage the DDG 51 Flight III combat system while identifying and evaluating the integration of non-developmental mechanical and electrical systems into a new or modified hull design, incorporating platform flexibility and growth opportunities to meet future Fleetrequirements…” Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution isunlimited. CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

14. IPES:RequiredforCOtoAccessTotalShipPower Evolutionary Approach Distribution Distribution • IPES TacticalAdvantages: • Flexibility • Maximum WarfighterControl • Future WarfareCapability • Survivability • Limit Casualty Impact and SpeedRecovery • Whole Ship PowerBackup • Maneuver on“Battery” • Engage Until Last Drop of FuelExpended • Endurance/Efficiency • Greater Range & Time onStation mensBlueDrive, al Offshore Service Vessel (OSV) withBlueDrive CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

15. Things to WorkOn • Read the 2019 NPESTDR • AnswertheLSC RFI’sby01April 2019 • KnowledgeofDCDistributionSystems&theCapabilitytoDesign,Build&Test • Terrestrial BestPractices • Cable & BusPipe • FaultProtection • AdvancedControls • 2007ShipyardTeamReviewofNextGenerationIntegratedPowerSystemArchitectures • Howfarhavewemovedtheball? • Converter BasedArchitectures • CommonMode • Grounding • Control • IntegrationofEnergyStorageIntoSurfaceShips • DoYou HavetheSpecifications&StandardstobeSuccessful? • What isMissing? Softwareintensiveelectricpowersystemsareverydifficult… CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

16. Program ManagerThoughts • Fruits of multiple investments in warfighting technology are maturing in nearfuture • Power system attributes driven by ship’s warfightingmissions • MarkleCrystalBall • Technological enablers for thefuture: • Stable Bus servicing highlydynamicDC • Expanded use of M&S to include heavy loads reliance on CHIL andPHIL • 12 kVDC IPES Emulation at FSUCAPS • Marriage between CombatSystemsand FY19 MachineryControl Systems • 12 kVDC power generationand • “ActiveStateAnticipation” distribution • Dual-wound variable speed primemovers • Uninterruptable Stable BackUpPower • Efficient low loss powerconversion • Flexibility fortheFuture • High frequency powerconversion • Wide Band Gap Materials (SiC,GaN, • Total ShipPowerPerspective Ga2O3 baseddevices) • CO’s ability to direct power where& when • Agile AdvancedControls needed • Integrated shared and distributedenergy • Transition from AC toDCaffordably storage • Accommodate rapidlyevolvingmission • Media selected by dynamic responses systems required • Thermal Electric Power Generationpart • Innovative data analysisautomated of the HolyGrail decisionmaking • Thermal ManagementTechnologies • Validated Specifications andStandards Continued Active Partnership with Academia & Industry isVital CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE

17. CREATING 21ST CENTURY SOLUTIONS FOR NAVAL MAINTENANCE Distribution Statement A: Approved for Public Release: Distribution isunlimited.