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HYPERTENSION BY: Miss Santoshi naik Assistant professor

HYPERTENSION BY: Miss Santoshi naik Assistant professor Yenepoya pharmacy college & research centre. HYPERTENSION Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mmHg or greater & diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg or greater. TYPES OF HYPERTENSION.

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HYPERTENSION BY: Miss Santoshi naik Assistant professor

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  1. HYPERTENSION BY: Miss Santoshinaik Assistant professor Yenepoya pharmacy college & research centre

  2. HYPERTENSION Hypertension is defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 140 mmHg or greater & diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of 90 mmHg or greater.

  3. TYPES OF HYPERTENSION ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION (PRIMARY HYPERTENSION) SECONDARY HYPERTENSION

  4. 1) Primary Hypertension • 95% cases of hypertension. • No underlying cause but may occur due to lifestyle changes & genetics. 2) Secondary Hypertension • Remaining 5% cases of hypertension. • Underlying causes: Chronic artery disease, nephrotic syndrome, hyperthyroidism, sleep apnoea, chronic alcohol, oral contraceptives, hyperaldosteronism, Drugs e.g. cocaine, Pre-eclampsia

  5. Signs & Symptoms of Hypertension • Headache • Dyspnoea • Visual changes (retinopathy) • Chest pain • Sensory or motor problems • Palpitations • Anxiety • Nose bleeding

  6. Pathology of Hypertension Vascular changes Remodelling Hypertrophy NORMAL Blood vessel wall Lumen EARLY HYPERTENSION Plaque LATE HYPERTENSION

  7. In normal blood vessels there is no restriction to blood flow. • In case of early hypertension there is plaque formation & thus there is slight decrease in blood flow. • In case of late hypertension there is increased plaque formation and hypertrophy of the vessel wall, which results in narrowing of lumen & thus diminished blood flow. This results in aggravating the hypertension, because of increased pressure exerted by blood on the walls of the vessels.

  8. Risk / Predisposing Factors of Hypertension • Obesity • High alcohol intake • Family history • Diabetes • High sodium intake • Old age • Sleep apnoea (sleep disorder where breathing stops & starts).

  9. Why to treat hypertension???

  10. Diagnosis of Hypertension • ECG (Electro Cardio Gram) to check heart function • Urine analysis to check renal function • Serology- Plasma renin, plasma aldosterone & thyroid function test (TFT)

  11. Management of Hypertension • Exercise • Reduce salt intake • Reduce intake of alcohol • Cessation of smoking • Maintain proper healthy diet • Antihypertensive medications

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