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Understanding Viruses: Characteristics, Lifecycle, and Impact

Discover the world of viruses - submicroscopic pathogens that infect living organisms. Learn about their structure, lifecycle, and how they cause diseases in plants, bacteria, and humans.

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Understanding Viruses: Characteristics, Lifecycle, and Impact

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  1. Viruses A submicroscopic pathogen From the Latin: Poison: A slimy liquid

  2. Viruses • Not usually considered to be a living organism • Symptoms depend on the host cells that they infect to reproduce • Inserts its genetic material and takes over host’s functions to produce more viral protein and genetic material instead of the cell’s usual products.

  3. Viruses • Structure outside a host cell • Has an inner core of nucleic acid (RNA or DNA) • Protein coat surrounding nucleic acid • Various sizes and shapes

  4. Viruses • Viruses attaches to a host cell • Virus injects its DNA into host cell nucleus • Then it can do one of two things 1)Lysogenic Phase • RNA from virus becomes part of the DNA in host cell • No obvious change in host cell • It is in the dormant stage until virus gets triggered and enters the lytic cycle

  5. Viruses 2) Lytic Cycle • Host cell’s DNA is destroyed • Cell’s machinery is used to produce new viruses • The host cell breaks open to release the new viruses, which go and infect new cells

  6. Effects of Viruses • They cause disease in all living organisms • When the virus breaks out of the host cell is usually destroys it • Electron micrograph of a cluster of influenza viruses

  7. Viruses • This picture shows the structure of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV).

  8. Effect of Viruses • They cause disease in plants • Micrograph of the virus that causes tobacco mosaic disease

  9. Effect of Viruses • They cause disease in bacteria • We call them bacteriophages

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