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The Bible The Iliad

The Bible The Iliad. 中外文學 黃心雅 教授 2008 年 11 月 27 日. Western Civilization.

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The Bible The Iliad

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  1. The BibleThe Iliad 中外文學 黃心雅 教授 2008年11月27日

  2. Western Civilization • Greco-roman tradition—humanist tradition—Plato (The Apology of Socrates, Republican), Aristotle (Poetics), Homer (Iliad), Virgil (Aeneid), Sappho of Lesbos, Aeschylus (The Oresteia), Sophocles (Oedipus the King), Euripides (Medea), Ovid (Metamorphoses) • Hebrew tradition: Christianity (the Bible) • References: Edith Hamilton, Mythology; The Bible Story; Stories from the Bible

  3. Structure of the Bible • The Old Testament: thirty-nine books about the history and religion of the people of Israel. • Genesis • Erodus • Joshua • Books of Samuel • Books of Kings • Job • Ecclesiastes • Psalms • Song of Solomon • Proverbs • The New Testament (27 books) Gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John Acts of Apostles or Acts of Holy Spirit Pauline epistles General epistles Revelation

  4. Significant Characters • God - The creator of the world • Abraham- The patriarch of the Hebrew people. • Moses- The reluctant savior of Israel in its exodus from Egyptian • Jacob- The grandson of Abraham, • Solomon- David's son and the third king of Israel. • Adam & Eve- The first man and woman created by God. • Noah- The survivor of God's great flood. • Isaac- Abraham's son and the second member in the triumvirate of Israel's patriarchs. • Job- The subject of God and Satan's cosmic experiment to measure human faithfulness to God

  5. The world of the Old Testament http://scriptures.lds.org/en/biblemaps/9?sr=1

  6. The Old Testament Birth of Mankind: Adam and Eve http://biblescripture.net/Canon.html

  7. Genesis 2:18-25 • And the LORD God said, It is not good that the man should be alone; I will make him a help mate. • And out of the ground the LORD God formed every beast of the field, and every fowl of the air; and brought them unto Adam to see what he would call them: and whatsoever Adam called every living creature, that was the name thereof. • And Adam gave names to all cattle, and to the fowl of the air, and to every beast of the field; but for Adam there was not found a help mate for him. • And the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon Adam and he slept: and he took one of his ribs, and closed up the flesh instead thereof; And the rib, which the LORD God had taken from man, made he a woman, and brought her unto the man. And Adam said, This is now bone of my bones, and flesh of my flesh: she shall be called Woman, because she was taken out of Man. Therefore shall a man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave unto his wife: and they shall be one flesh. And they were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not ashamed.

  8. Geneis 3:16-19 • Unto the woman he said, I will greatly multiply thy sorrow and thy conception; in sorrow thou shalt bring forth children; and thy desire shall be to thy husband, and he shall rule over thee. • And unto Adam he said, Because thou hast hearkened unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying, Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of thy life; Thorns also and thistles shall it bring forth to thee; and thou shalt eat the herb of the field; In the sweat of thy face shalt thou eat bread, till thou return unto the ground; for out of it wast thou taken: for dust thou art, and unto dust shalt thou return.

  9. Geneis 3:20-24 And the LORD God said, Behold, the man has become as one of us, to know good and evil: and now, lest he put forth his hand, and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live for ever: Therefore the LORD God sent him forth from the garden of Eden, to till the ground from whence he was taken. So he drove out the man.

  10. The Book of Job: Job and his friends http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/999-330

  11. The book of Job • If I sin, what do I do to you, you watcher of humanity?Why have you made me your target?Why have I become a burden to you? • Though he slay me, yet will I trust in him: but I will maintain mine own ways before him.

  12. Homer as an Author • Birth: 8 or 9 B.C. • Language : Greek • Works: The Iliad and The Odyssey • Probably blind, Homer is a legendary ancient Greek epic poet • For modern scholarship, "the date of Homer" refers to the date of the poems' conception as much as to the lifetime of an individual. And the identity of the author(s) still remains uncertain and debated. • Most modern scholars believe that even if a single person wrote the epics, his work owed a tremendous debt to a long tradition of unwritten, oral poetry. Stories of a glorious expedition to the East and of its leaders' fateful journeys home had been circulating in Greece for hundreds of years before the Iliad and Odyssey were composed. Idealizedportrayal of Homer dating to theHellenistic period. British Museum.

  13. The Iliad by Homer (http://www.allposters.com/ ) Minerva Preventing Achilles from Killing Agamemnon, from "The Iliad" by Homer, 1757 (http://www.anus.com )

  14. The Judgment of Paris http://www.museodelprado.es/fileadmin/Image_Archive/15_DETALLES_CURIOSOS/parisRubens520.jpg

  15. 《伊利亞特》的戰爭場面，安布羅西手抄本 http://203.72.198.33/study/history/ms/AmbrosianIliadPict20and21BattleScenes.jpg

  16. Map of The Iliad http://mail.tku.edu.tw/kiss7445/KissHomePage/Literature-Arts/Epic/Map_Iliad.gif

  17. The Iliad (Homer) • Major Characters: • The Achaeans: • Achilles • Agamemnon • Patroclus • The Trojans: • Hector • Paris • Priam

  18. The Iliad (Homer) • Book 1: the dispute between Achilles and Agamemnon • Book 2: the loyalty test and a review of the armies • Book 3: the duel between Paris and Menelaus • Book 4: the truce is broken • Book 5: the heroic exploits of Diomedes • Book 6: an interlude in the battle: Diomedes and Glaucus—Hector and Andromache • Book 7-8: the duel between hector and Aias/the Trojans reach the Achaean Wall

  19. The Iliad (Homer) • Book 9: the appeal to Achilles • Book 10: the night mission of Diomedes and Odysseus • Book 11: the Achaeans defeated again • Book 12-15: the Trojans breach the wall /the first battle for the ships / the deceptions of Zeus • Book 16: the exploits and the death of Patroclus • Book 17: the battle for the body of Patroclus • Book 18: the mourning of Achilles—his new armor

  20. The Iliad (Homer) • Book 19: Agamemnon and Achilles are reconciled • Book 20: Achilles enters the battle—the gods take sides • Book 21: the fight at the river—the combat of the gods • Book 22: Achilles kills Hector • Book 23: the funeral of Patroclus • Book 24: Achilles and Priam meet—the body of Hector is ransomed

  21. Rage—Goddess, sing the rage of Peleus’ son Achilles, / murderous, doomed, that cost the Achaeans’ countless losses, / hurling down to the House of Death so many study souls, / great fuggters’ souls, but made their bodies carrion, / feasts for the dogs and birds, / and the will of Zeus was moving toward its end. / Begin, Muse, when the two first broke and clashed, / Agamemnon lord of men and brilliant Achilles. • What god drove them to fight with such a fury?

  22. Mother tells me, the immortal goddess Thetis with her gistening feet, / that two fates bear me on to the day of death. / If I hold out here and I lay siege to Troy, /my journey home is gone, but my glory never dies. / If I voyage back to the fatherland I love, / my pride, my glory dies. . . / true, but the life that’s

  23. Book XVIII, The Iliad • Achilles • Olympian Jove has indeed vouchsafed me the fulfilment of my prayer, but what boots it to me, seeing that my dear comrade Patroclus has fallen- he whom I valued more than all others, and loved as dearly as my own life? I have lost him; aye, and Hector when he had killed him stripped the wondrous armour,…… For now you shall have grief infinite by reason of the death of that son whom you can never welcome home- nay, I will not live nor go about among mankind unless Hector fall by my spear, and thus pay me for having slain Patroclus son of Menoetius.

  24. Book 24, The Iliad • Priam: Hector! It’s all for him I’ve come to the ships now, /to win him back from you—I bring a priceless ransom. /Revere the god, Achilles! Pity me in my own right, remember your own father! I deserve more pity. . . / I have endured what no one on earth has ever done before—/ I put to my lips the hands of the man who killed my son. Those words stirred within Achilles a deep desire to grieve for his own father. Taking the old man’s hand He gently moved him back. And overpowered by memory both men gave way to grief. Priam wept freely For man-killing Hector, throbbing, crouching before Achilles’ feet as Achilles wept himself, now for his father, now for Patroclus once again, And their sobbing rose and fell throughout the house.

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