Facts, trends and challenges in waste management in the Republic of Macedonia

1. Facts, trends and challenges in waste management in the Republic of Macedonia M.Sc. Margareta Cvetkovska, Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning Republic of Macedonia

2. Waste management-presentWaste management policyWaste management information systemWaste management-challenges

3. Waste management-present • Sub-standard with regard to human and financial resources, • Insufficient and ineffective with regard to monitoring and law implementation as well as hampered by political and social lacks (like execution of enforcement, stakeholders consultations, public awareness), • Characterized with lack of data and information on the local and national levels.

4. Waste management-present • Around 77% of the population is covered by the public municipal waste collection system operated by public enterprises. • Around 35% of the hazardous medical waste is collected separately, transported to and burnt at the "Drisla" landfill which provides service on the area of the capital of Skopje. • Activities of municipal waste recovery and recycling are very limited,without any organized approach. Recovery of recycable materials, such as metal, paper, plastics, car batteries and accumulators is performed by the informal sector. • Composting and anaerobic digestion of biodegradable waste are not practiced in the country. • There are no organized systems for collection of construction and demolition waste, as well as for collection and treatment of agricultural and live-stock waste. • At present, there is no organized system for collection of waste batteries and accumulators, and waste electric and electronic equipment.

5. Waste management-present • Hazardous waste is sold/recycled and disposed of in-site the plants or together with the municipal waste. • Identification of locations with PCB containing transformers is underway and incineration is carried out (abroad).

6. Waste management-present • Macedonia have limited markets for materials and products recovered from waste with intention of recycling or utilization for energy production. • The majority of recovered material for recycling would have to be exported, which will incur additional costs for handling and shipping and thus may exceed the market value of the materials.

7. Diferent waste types

8. Municipal waste generation

9. Total and sector specific GHG emissions

10. The general waste management policy • Transposition of the EU acquis for waste management in the national legislation is one of the main tasks and goals in the context of the establishment of integrated and sustainable waste management system.

11. The general waste management policy • Law on Environment 2005, regulating the basic issues such as environmental permits, environmental impact assessment procedure, GHG emissions, etc. • Law on Waste Management 2004, • National Environmental Action Plans (NEAP 1996/2006) • Strategy for Waste Management of the Republic of Macedonia (2008-2020) • National Waste Management Plan (2009-2015)

12. The Law on Waste Management Regulates the overall rules applicable to the following issues: • Definitions and applicability for waste types; • Development of strategy, plans and programmes at different levels; • Waste management and permitting procedures; • Landfills; • Waste combustion and incineration; • Waste import, export and transit, monitoring, reporting and data management; • Supervision by the competent authorities, penalty provisions, transitional and closing provisions.

13. The Law on Waste Management • Does not regulate the management of waste originating from mining. This subject is regulated in the Law on Mineral 2007. • Partially regulates the waste falling within the scope of veterinary activities, and other product with natural origin which could be used in the agriculture.

14. Responsibilities of MoEPP and municipalities Task and responsibilities of MoEPP on waste management: Task and responsibilities of the municipalities: Organization the collection, transportation and disposal of municipal wastes Supervising transportation and disposal of industrial non-hazardous waste Deciding on the location of waste management facilities, issuing local regulations on waste management facilities Establishment of the nonhazardous and inert waste landfills Issuing environmental permits (IPPC B-permits) • Planning and policy development • Registration, issuing permits and licensing • Organization an effective solid waste management system for hazardous waste • Monitoring, data collection • Inspection

15. The bylaws based on the Law on Waste Management • Regulate the permitting procedures and determine technical and other conditions for waste storage and transfer, acceptance in landfills and landfill operations. • Specific importance is attributed to activities for regulation of hazardous waste aimed at putting the hazardous waste under control, including asbestos waste, PCB containing waste, waste oils, medical waste, waste from titanium dioxide, end-of-life vehicles and used tires.

16. Law on Ratification of the Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes and their Storage 1997 • Regulate the cross-border movement of hazardous waste

17. Transposition of the main EU waste related directives in the Macedonian legislation • Law on packaging and packaging waste2009 • Law on batteries and accumulators2010 • Rulebook on incinerationof waste 2009

18. Two regulations will be adopted • Regulation on waste transport (1013/2006), • Regulation (EC1774/2002) specifying the health regulations for animal by-products not intended for human consumption.

19. Two directives will be transposed • Directive on waste electric and electronic equipment 2002/96ЕC, • Directive on environmental liability (2004/35/EC) and adoption of national regulations on soil quality and contamination will provide the legal basis necessary to initiate negotiations related to activities aimed at hot-spots remedial.

20. Waste management information system The implementation and maintenance of a data collection/information system shall cover data on: • The sources, nature, quantities and fate of waste • The main information on facilities for recovery, recycling and energy utilization of constituents of individual waste streams and • Information on final disposal facilities

21. State of environment reports • Annual reports on all environmental media • Indicators reports • Environmental statistics reposrts • SOER reports • Web page of the Ministry of Environment and Physical Planning

22. Waste management-challenges • The principle of solving the waste problem at the source of its generation • Separation of hazardous from non-hazardous waste streams at the source and separate further treatment or deposition of such streams • Recovery of valuable ingredients of the waste • Establishment of rationale network of waste treatment and disposal facilities • Remedial of contaminated sites – hot-spots