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The Iliad

The Iliad. Agenda: Information about Hostory through Pictures Home Text Analysis Mythological Background. The World of the Iliad. Rand McNally, Atlas of World History, pp. 22. The Trojan plain. In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 41. Hisarlik. In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 93.

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The Iliad

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  1. The Iliad • Agenda: Information about • Hostory through Pictures • Home • Text Analysis • Mythological Background

  2. The World of the Iliad

  3. Rand McNally, Atlas of World History, pp. 22

  4. The Trojan plain In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 41

  5. Hisarlik In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 93

  6. Reconstruction of Troy VI - 13th century In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204

  7. Troy VI from the North In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 204

  8. The walls of Troy VI In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74

  9. The walls of Troy Finding the Walls of Troy, p 229

  10. The walls of Troy Finding the Walls of Troy, p 230

  11. Treasure of Priam In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59

  12. Sophie Schliemann Wearing the Jewels of Helen In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 59

  13. Mycenae from the East In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 66

  14. Golden Mycenae In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 189-90

  15. Ruins at Mycenae

  16. Ruins at Mycenae

  17. Lion Gate at Mycenae (E. Dodwell) In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 74

  18. Mycenae and the Plain of Argos National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 66

  19. Lion Gate at Mycenae In Search of the Trojan War, pp. 75

  20. National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 64

  21. National Geographic, Dec 99, pp. 65

  22. Mt Olympus

  23. Mt Olympus

  24. Early Classical Doric temple of Zeus at Olympia Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 336

  25. Temple of Hera at Olympia Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 340

  26. Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi Handbook to Life in Ancient Greece, pp. 349

  27. Sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi

  28. Mythology • Begins with Homer 1000 B.C. • Explains something in nature • Doesn’t have anything to do with religion, but rather how natural phenomenon came into existence. • Form of early entertainment

  29. Writers • Homer

  30. Homer • Wrote The Iliad and The Odyssey • Iliad is the first written record of Greece • Homer was an Ionian of the 8th or 9th century B.C.E., which would place his writings also more than 3 centuries after the Trojan War,

  31. Homeric Period • The time period around 1400 B.C. was an era where Mycenae, the traditional home of Agamemnon, brother of Menelaus and leader of the Greek warriors in Troy, dominated the mainland, and his island of Crete assumed the political and military status of master of the eastern Mediterranean. A golden age of splendor arouse during this period, as shown by excavations of the royal graves at Mycenae, and the cultural and religious traditions of the eminent classical Greece began to take form. This is the Homeric, or Heroic, Age - also called Mycenaean, or Late Minoan -for the culture and values of the latter part of this period are those permanently embodied in the Homeric poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey.

  32. Hesiod • Hesiod (Hesiodos) was an early Greekpoet and rhapsode, believed to have lived around the year 700 BCE. From the 5th century BCE, literary historians have debated the priority of Hesiod or of Homer. Most modern scholars now agree that Homer lived before Hesiod. • Hesiod serves as a major source for knowledge of Greek mythology, of farming techniques, of archaic Greek astronomy and of ancient time-keeping

  33. Important Names, Dates and Terminology • 8th century BCE • 1184 BCE • Homer • Description • The Homeric Question • Epic • Oral Tradition

  34. Important Themes, Motifs and Narratological Elements • CHOICE and PERSUASION • THE HEROIC CODE • LEADERSHIP • TRIANGULAR RELATIONSHIPS • SIMILES • THE GODS

  35. Do NOT Reduce the Iliad to either: • PRIDE (Hubris) Or • FATE

  36. Characteristics of Homeric Text: • Beginning in medias res • Cinematic presentation of events and of warfare • Look for sense imagery in the text • Use of SIMILES • Use of PARALLELISM when discussing events, characters and gods

  37. Homeric Cycle • Series of texts about Troy • Some tell the same stories as the Homeric epics • Many tell entirely different stories • What still exists contains only a part of the entire story of the Trojan War

  38. Mythological Stories You Need to Know • Helen and the Suitors • Wedding of Peleus and Thetis • Hecuba’s Dream of the Burning City • Judgment of Paris • Assembling the Suitors • Sacrifice of Iphigenia

  39. Helen and the Suitors • Helen: daughter of Tyndareus • Clytemnestra: daughter of Tyndareus; twin of Helen; (later) wife of Agamenon • Penelope: niece to Tyndareus Suitors • Agamemnon: king of Argos; son of Atreus; brother of Menelaus • Menelaus: brother of Agamemnon • Odysseus: king of Ithaka; (later) husband of Penelope • Ajax: son of Telemon; great warrior

  40. Hecuba’s Dream of the Burning City Priam = Hecuba __________________|___________________ SONS: DAUGHTERS Hektor (m. Andromache) Cassandra Paris (m. Helen) Polyxena Deiphobus Creusa Polydorus 47 other daughters 46 more sons

  41. Wedding of Peleus and Thetis • Thetis: water nymph, daughter of Nereus • Peleus: mortal man, son of Aeacus, King of Aegina • Thetis and Peleus are the parents of Achilles

  42. Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (cont.) OLYMPIAN GODS • Aphrodite: goddess of love • Apollo: god of healing, music, prophecy • Ares: god of war • Artemis: goddess of the hunt • Athena: goddess of wisdom, strategy • Demeter: goddess of the Harvest • Hephaistos: god of fire and metal craft; son of Hera and Zeus; crippled because he was thrown by Zeus • Hera: wife of Zeus • Hermes: messenger god • Poseidon: god of the sea • Zeus: king of the gods; (very unfaithful) husband to Hera

  43. Wedding of Peleus and Thetis (cont.) • ERIS: Goddess of Discord, not invited to the wedding of Peleus and Thetis • Golden apple inscribed “To the Fairest”

  44. Assembling the Suitors • Agamemnon • Menelaus • Odysseus • Ajax • Achilles – the most difficult to find

  45. Gaining a Strong Wind Agamemnon = Clytemnestra ______________|_____________ | | | Iphigeneia Electra Orestes

  46. Key Aspects of the Epic’s Opening • Emphasis on the 1st word • Invocation of the Muse Questions • What events are set into motion in the opening 2 pages? • Who is who? • What are the key words? • Are any of the themes mentioned earlier present in this segment of text?

  47. For Next Class • You are instructed to wrote a response to something you find difficult in the text. • Pick a passage of no more than 20 lines that you find important and/or difficult and write about it. We will use these student-chosen passages as the basis for discussion next class.

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