14-2

1. 14-2 English Civil War and Glorious Revolution

2. 1. What is the Divine Right of Kings • Kings receive their power from God and are responsible only to God

3. 2. What is Parliament’s take on the Divine Right of Kings? • The King or Queen and Parliament should rule England together

4. 3. What are Puritans, and what group in England makes up the Puritans? • Puritans are Protestants in England that are inspired by John Calvin to take the ritual out of the chuch • England’s wealthy landowners and an important part of the House of Commons makes up England’s Puritans

5. 4. Who was Charles I, and what did he believe about the Divine Right of Kings? • Charles I was the son of James I of Scotland and King of England • He believed that a King’s right to rule came from God

6. 5. What were the two sides in the Civil War and what groups made up these two sides? • Cavaliers or Royalists who supported the King • Roundheads who supported Parliament

7. 6. What was the New Model Army and who was Oliver Cromwell? • An army made up chiefly of Puritans • Oliver Cromwell was the military genius who led the New Model Army to victory over the Royalists

8. 7. Why was the New Model Army so successful? • Cromwell led them well and they believed they were doing battle for God

9. Charles I refused to accept Parliament’s petition that prohibits the passing of taxes without the consent of the Parliament Charles I attempted to impose ritual in the Church of England, which looked, to Puritans, as a return to Catholic practices Cromwell purged the Parliament of anyone who hadn’t supported him (leaving the Rump Parliament) Charles I was executed Parliament abolishes the Monarchy and House of Lords and declares England a Commonwealth Cromwell dismissed the parliament and set up a military dictatorship Causes and Effects of the Civil War

11. 8. What did the Restoration of Charles II bring? • Parliament kept many powers it had gained and played an important role in government • Church of England was reinstate and the rights of Catholics and Puritans were restricted

12. 9. What did Charles II do to arouse the suspicion of Parliament? • He suspended Parliament’s laws passed against the Catholics and the Puritans

13. 10. How did James II revive the conflict between Kings and Parliament? • He was an open and devout Catholic who awarded high positions in government to Catholics

14. James II’s policies were pro-Catholic Fear that James’ son would continue those policies English nobles invited James’ daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange to invade England (William and Mary were protestant, and Mary was the first child of James II, thus having a claim to the throne) William and Mary accept the Throne of England along with a Bill of Rights Toleration Act of 1689- Puritans gained the right of free public worship The Divine Right of Kings was destroyed- Kings rule by the grace of Parliament Causes and Effects of Glorious Revolution

15. 11. What were 3 Rights in the English Bill of Rights • Parliament has the right to make and levy taxes • Armies can only be raised by Parliament’s consent • The right of citizens to keep arms and have a jury trial