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Anthropology

Anthropology. Study of humans past and present 4 general fields of study Graduates with M.S. or Ph.D work in a variety of fields Education Museums & Archives Archeology Government Non-profit Business Film, Journalism, Writing, Publishing. Fields in Anthropology.

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Anthropology

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  1. Anthropology • Study of humans past and present • 4 general fields of study • Graduates with M.S. or Ph.D work in a variety of fields • Education • Museums & Archives • Archeology • Government • Non-profit • Business • Film, Journalism, Writing, Publishing

  2. Fields in Anthropology • Cultural Anthropology – social aspects of a civilization such as beliefs, way of life, behavior, etc. • Archeology – study of past cultures through artifacts or other remains (pottery, tools, dwellings, etc.). Other disciplines include geology, geography, and history. • Linguistic Anthropology - study of language • Physical (Biological) Anthropology – physical and biological aspects of all primates. This includes a variety of subspecialties such as: • Primate biology • Osteology – the study of bones • Paleoanthropology – study of old/dead primates

  3. Have a strong background in Osteology Lots of training in removal of remains from crime scenes. In the lab, they identify the remains Certified by the American Board of Forensic Anthropologists (ABFA) Osteology is a branch of anatomy Usually they have the bones brought to them. In the lab, they identify the remains, leading up to death No certification currently exists Not much of a difference Forensic Anthropology Forensic Osteology

  4. Forensic Anthropology Application of methods and techniques in the analysis of skeletal remains to cases of legal importance

  5. Chain of Command in Maryland • Remains found by citizen • Call goes into local police • Sheriff’s office in the respective county is notified • Medical examiner’s office in Baltimore, MD is notified • Depending on circumstances – 2 options • Option 1: Chief or Deputy Medical Examiner • Option 2: Death (Forensic) Investigator

  6. OCME • Chief: David Fowler, M.D. • 2 Deputies • 11 Asst. Examiners • Chief Toxicologist • Epidemiologist Primary Task: Determine cause & manner of death

  7. OCME Task • Causes of Death • Blunt forced trauma • Poison • Disease • Drug overdose • Heart attack • Manner of Death • Suicide • Homicide • Accidental • Natural • unknown

  8. CORONER Elected official (Indiana – 4 yr office) Charged with task of death investigation due unnatural causes Must be a U.S. citizen No medical training required States with only coroners – Indiana, Colorado, Nevada, New York. MEDICAL EXAMINER M.D. Graduated from a medical school. Additional training in Pathology and Forensic Pathology States with only ME’s – Maryland, Virginia, DC, Iowa A big difference…

  9. When is a Forensic Anthropologist Needed? • When human remains cannot be identified

  10. Objectives • Is it human or animal bone? • Determine MNI – minimum number of individuals • Determine biological profile • Sex • Age • Stature • Ancestry • What was the manner of death?

  11. How to study skeletal remains • Two approaches • 1. Visual Comparison • 2. Mathematical Approach

  12. The Mathematical Approach is based on numerical characterization of skeletal traits. • This is achieved by measuring the skeletal elements according to set procedures. • The data gathered from these measurements are often referred to as metrics.

  13. Visual Approach • Based on visual inspection of skeletal elements. • Qualitative form of investigation that is less restrictive and very engaging to the observer.

  14. 3 Sources • Archeological series • Ancient remains of non-survivors • Lack of medical & historical data • Reference Samples from modern era • Medical & historical data well documented • Anatomical Collections • Groups of skeletons of known age, sex and ancestry

  15. Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural HistoryTerry & Huntington Collections • Terry -1,700 complete human skeletons from known individuals during Dr. Robert Terry tenure at Washington University Medical School in St. Louis, MO. • Huntington- 3,600 complete human skeletons from known individuals. • The collection consists of European Immigrants and New York City residents who died in boroughs of the city between the years of 1892-1920.

  16. Forensic Anthropology in our town • About 150-175 scholars come to the Smithsonian’s collection to due a variety of research • Field trip to National Museum of Natural History is being planned for mid-November!

  17. Presentation produced by Sanford Herzon • Special thanks to: • John Moore, Parkland College, Champaign, IL • Armed Forces Institute of Pathology • National Museum of Natural History • Human Skeletal Remains , Douglas Ubelaker

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