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File and Memory Management Essentials for System Administration

Learn about managing files and directories, including permissions for shared and local files. Understand NTFS permissions, ACLs, and how to view permissions. Explore memory management, virtual memory, and paging space on disk.

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File and Memory Management Essentials for System Administration

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  1. System Administration7-Files and Directories / Memory Management

  2. File/Directory Permissions If file/directory is on server and is shared then permissions are a combo of shared permissions AND NTFS permissions. Else if files/directories are local the permissions are based on the below NTFS permissions.

  3. Systems FAT - read only, hidden, system (typical permissions) - but anyone can change these permissions, no concept of owner, thus no real security NTFS - every file has an owner (a user account or group account) (thus most files owned by administrator, and only readable by normal Users. Users normally only have write access to their own home directories) ACL - access control list, set permissions for files/directories

  4. How to see permissions on a file/directory? - click on file/folder, then pick Properties from the File pull down menu...then pick Security ---> Permissions Types of Access (permissions): R - read W - write X - execute D - delete P - change permissions O - take ownership Full Control - ALL No Access Change (RWXD) all of the above can be set per user or per group

  5. Effects -if applied to a directory, can also automatically be applied to the entire directory subtree -the Properties-->Security tab can also be used to view and change ownership of a file or folder. These are the local NTFS permissions.

  6. Memory Management -NT/2000 user Virtual Memory (VM) – pages, demand paging -memory very important (if not enough ram, swap pages to swap space on disk) -monitor memory use via Task Manager -- > Performance (graphical view of memory and cpu usage)

  7. Paging Space (swap space) is on Disk -default c:\pagefile.sys -can add additional swap space on other partitions/disks, if needed -swap space is normally 2x or 3x ram size on a system (rule of thumb) -how to change swap space size? control panel --> system --> performance tab --> click on "change button“ This allows you to set paging file size for any drive/partition and see totals. (reboot not needed after changes)

  8. Take Note NT uses a regular file (pagefile.sys) for paging space. Unix allows one to use a regular file, or setup a whole partition just for paging (the latter is more efficient for the operating system and preferred in Unix).

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